Learning to Balance Motor Thermal Safety and Quadrupedal Locomotion Performance with Residual Policy

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Wan, Yuhang, Lin, Weixian, Qian, Letian, Zou, Yiqi, Wu, Weiwei, Wu, Shengwei, Zhao, Chuanlin, Luo, Xin
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Wan, Yuhang
Lin, Weixian
Qian, Letian
Zou, Yiqi
Wu, Weiwei
Wu, Shengwei
Zhao, Chuanlin
Luo, Xin
author_facet Wan, Yuhang
Lin, Weixian
Qian, Letian
Zou, Yiqi
Wu, Weiwei
Wu, Shengwei
Zhao, Chuanlin
Luo, Xin
contents Motor thermal management is often overlooked in the context of electrically-actuated robots, particularly legged robots, but motor overheating is a key factor that limits long-duration locomotion especially under payload conditions. This paper integrates a whole-body thermal model of a quadruped robot into the reinforcement learning pipeline to update motor temperatures, and proposes a two-stage training framework for motor thermal management. In this framework, a nominal policy is first pre-trained as a locomotion baseline capable of traversing diverse terrains. A residual policy is then trained on top of the nominal policy to provide corrective actions based on the robot's thermal state, ensuring high performance under low-temperature conditions and preventing motor overheating under high-temperature conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed policy achieves an effective balance between motor thermal safety and locomotion performance. Real-world experiments on a Unitree A1 quadruped robot further validate the approach: under a 3 kg payload, the robot achieves stable locomotion across multiple terrains for over 13 minutes, while the nominal policy alone leads to motor overheating in about 5 minutes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_27046
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Learning to Balance Motor Thermal Safety and Quadrupedal Locomotion Performance with Residual Policy
Wan, Yuhang
Lin, Weixian
Qian, Letian
Zou, Yiqi
Wu, Weiwei
Wu, Shengwei
Zhao, Chuanlin
Luo, Xin
Robotics
Motor thermal management is often overlooked in the context of electrically-actuated robots, particularly legged robots, but motor overheating is a key factor that limits long-duration locomotion especially under payload conditions. This paper integrates a whole-body thermal model of a quadruped robot into the reinforcement learning pipeline to update motor temperatures, and proposes a two-stage training framework for motor thermal management. In this framework, a nominal policy is first pre-trained as a locomotion baseline capable of traversing diverse terrains. A residual policy is then trained on top of the nominal policy to provide corrective actions based on the robot's thermal state, ensuring high performance under low-temperature conditions and preventing motor overheating under high-temperature conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed policy achieves an effective balance between motor thermal safety and locomotion performance. Real-world experiments on a Unitree A1 quadruped robot further validate the approach: under a 3 kg payload, the robot achieves stable locomotion across multiple terrains for over 13 minutes, while the nominal policy alone leads to motor overheating in about 5 minutes.
title Learning to Balance Motor Thermal Safety and Quadrupedal Locomotion Performance with Residual Policy
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27046