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Main Authors: Prakash, Chandra, Karmakar, Rajesh
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27047
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author Prakash, Chandra
Karmakar, Rajesh
author_facet Prakash, Chandra
Karmakar, Rajesh
contents We perform a first-principles canonical quantization of a massive vector field, often referred to as the Proca field, in a Schwarzschild spacetime background. While scalar, fermionic, and electromagnetic fields are well studied in this context, the Proca field requires a more nuanced treatment because of the physical nature of the longitudinal polarization mode and the constrained dynamics of the field variables. By implementing the Dirac bracket formalism to treat the constraints inherent in the Proca action, we derive a consistent framework for the commutator algebra of creation and annihilation operators. Following this construction, we define the usual Boulware, Unruh, and Hartle-Hawking vacua. Using the Unruh vacuum, we derive and analyze the Hawking spectrum of the Proca field. Furthermore, we numerically evaluate the Proca condensate constructed from the two-point correlation function $\langle A_μ(x) A_ν(x') \rangle$, defined on all three vacuum states. We find that the condensate becomes significant near the boundary of the future horizon. Our results highlight the interplay among the different polarization modes and the significance of the Proca mass in quantum observables.
format Preprint
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publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Canonical quantization of massive vector field in Schwarzschild black hole background
Prakash, Chandra
Karmakar, Rajesh
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
We perform a first-principles canonical quantization of a massive vector field, often referred to as the Proca field, in a Schwarzschild spacetime background. While scalar, fermionic, and electromagnetic fields are well studied in this context, the Proca field requires a more nuanced treatment because of the physical nature of the longitudinal polarization mode and the constrained dynamics of the field variables. By implementing the Dirac bracket formalism to treat the constraints inherent in the Proca action, we derive a consistent framework for the commutator algebra of creation and annihilation operators. Following this construction, we define the usual Boulware, Unruh, and Hartle-Hawking vacua. Using the Unruh vacuum, we derive and analyze the Hawking spectrum of the Proca field. Furthermore, we numerically evaluate the Proca condensate constructed from the two-point correlation function $\langle A_μ(x) A_ν(x') \rangle$, defined on all three vacuum states. We find that the condensate becomes significant near the boundary of the future horizon. Our results highlight the interplay among the different polarization modes and the significance of the Proca mass in quantum observables.
title Canonical quantization of massive vector field in Schwarzschild black hole background
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27047