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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27356 |
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| _version_ | 1866911721462956032 |
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| author | Wili, Simon Huang, Meng-Zi Bonaccorsi, Tommaso Mühlematter, Michael Talebi, Mohsen Yudkin, Yaakov Gómez-Salvador, Alex Marijanovic, Filip Demler, Eugene Esslinger, Tilman |
| author_facet | Wili, Simon Huang, Meng-Zi Bonaccorsi, Tommaso Mühlematter, Michael Talebi, Mohsen Yudkin, Yaakov Gómez-Salvador, Alex Marijanovic, Filip Demler, Eugene Esslinger, Tilman |
| contents | Resistance in standard conductors decreases with increasing cross-section. Yet, in low-dimensional superconductors and superfluids residual resistance arises from topological fluctuations of the order parameter manifesting as phase slips in one-dimensional (1D) and vortices in two-dimensional (2D) systems. How resistance and dissipation evolve as geometry interpolates between these regimes remains an open question. This evolution is masked in solid-state experiments by disorder, impurities, and geometric imperfections, and poses theoretical challenges due to competing dissipative processes and pronounced finite-size effects. Here, we use a defect-free unitary Fermi gas in a digitally programmable transport geometry to isolate geometric effects on superfluid dissipation and discover a paradox: in the crossover from 1D to 2D, the resistance reaches a minimum. There, widening a channel increases its resistance. Narrower, quasi-1D channels show dissipation described by Langer-Ambegaokar-McCumber-Halperin theory of phase slips. In this regime, varying the channel width yields the predicted exponential scaling of the activation factor over more than ten orders of magnitude. Wider, quasi-2D channels show dissipation consistent with a finite-size vortex model. The minimal dissipation in the dimensional crossover reflects a transition in the dominant dissipative mechanism, with both phase slips and vortices simultaneously suppressed. Our measurements suggest a route to minimizing dissipation in superconducting devices and provide a benchmark for theoretical efforts aimed at describing the dimensional crossover. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_27356 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quantum Resistance Paradox of Low-Dimensional Superfluids Wili, Simon Huang, Meng-Zi Bonaccorsi, Tommaso Mühlematter, Michael Talebi, Mohsen Yudkin, Yaakov Gómez-Salvador, Alex Marijanovic, Filip Demler, Eugene Esslinger, Tilman Quantum Gases Superconductivity Resistance in standard conductors decreases with increasing cross-section. Yet, in low-dimensional superconductors and superfluids residual resistance arises from topological fluctuations of the order parameter manifesting as phase slips in one-dimensional (1D) and vortices in two-dimensional (2D) systems. How resistance and dissipation evolve as geometry interpolates between these regimes remains an open question. This evolution is masked in solid-state experiments by disorder, impurities, and geometric imperfections, and poses theoretical challenges due to competing dissipative processes and pronounced finite-size effects. Here, we use a defect-free unitary Fermi gas in a digitally programmable transport geometry to isolate geometric effects on superfluid dissipation and discover a paradox: in the crossover from 1D to 2D, the resistance reaches a minimum. There, widening a channel increases its resistance. Narrower, quasi-1D channels show dissipation described by Langer-Ambegaokar-McCumber-Halperin theory of phase slips. In this regime, varying the channel width yields the predicted exponential scaling of the activation factor over more than ten orders of magnitude. Wider, quasi-2D channels show dissipation consistent with a finite-size vortex model. The minimal dissipation in the dimensional crossover reflects a transition in the dominant dissipative mechanism, with both phase slips and vortices simultaneously suppressed. Our measurements suggest a route to minimizing dissipation in superconducting devices and provide a benchmark for theoretical efforts aimed at describing the dimensional crossover. |
| title | Quantum Resistance Paradox of Low-Dimensional Superfluids |
| topic | Quantum Gases Superconductivity |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27356 |