Charting causal set configuration space with graph observables

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Eichhorn, Astrid, Mack, Harald, Le, Kim Tuyen, Wagner, Fabian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Eichhorn, Astrid
Mack, Harald
Le, Kim Tuyen
Wagner, Fabian
author_facet Eichhorn, Astrid
Mack, Harald
Le, Kim Tuyen
Wagner, Fabian
contents The configuration space of causal sets is vast. It is a critical goal to map out this space. Here, we take a practical step towards this goal. We investigate nine classes of causal sets, most of them not studied before. These include manifoldlike causal sets with inhomogeneous Ricci curvature, both topologically trivial and nontrivial. We also study classes of non-manifoldlike causal sets, including lattices, layered orders as well as Lorentzian quasicrystals. Finally, we study classes of causal sets that are not manifoldlike, but are expected to become manifoldlike under a suitable coarse-graining process. We use this broad range of distinct classes of causal sets as a testbed for observables. Rather than focusing on continuum-geometry inspired observables, such as curvature invariants, which often exhibit large fluctuations and are computationally very expensive, we focus on graph observables, including some observables that constitute subgraph statistics and some that are global. We find that three observables, namely the link degree distribution, the eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian of the symmetrized Hasse diagram and the recently proposed abundance of causal intervals, can distinguish between the distinct classes of causal sets. This is made possible by the small fluctuations that these observables have in most classes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_27514
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Charting causal set configuration space with graph observables
Eichhorn, Astrid
Mack, Harald
Le, Kim Tuyen
Wagner, Fabian
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
The configuration space of causal sets is vast. It is a critical goal to map out this space. Here, we take a practical step towards this goal. We investigate nine classes of causal sets, most of them not studied before. These include manifoldlike causal sets with inhomogeneous Ricci curvature, both topologically trivial and nontrivial. We also study classes of non-manifoldlike causal sets, including lattices, layered orders as well as Lorentzian quasicrystals. Finally, we study classes of causal sets that are not manifoldlike, but are expected to become manifoldlike under a suitable coarse-graining process. We use this broad range of distinct classes of causal sets as a testbed for observables. Rather than focusing on continuum-geometry inspired observables, such as curvature invariants, which often exhibit large fluctuations and are computationally very expensive, we focus on graph observables, including some observables that constitute subgraph statistics and some that are global. We find that three observables, namely the link degree distribution, the eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian of the symmetrized Hasse diagram and the recently proposed abundance of causal intervals, can distinguish between the distinct classes of causal sets. This is made possible by the small fluctuations that these observables have in most classes.
title Charting causal set configuration space with graph observables
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27514