Synthetic Emotions vs. Gamification: Exploring Engagement Strategies for Small Social Robots in Different Age Groups

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Frederiksen, Morten Roed, Støy, Kasper
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Frederiksen, Morten Roed
Støy, Kasper
author_facet Frederiksen, Morten Roed
Støy, Kasper
contents Many children experience challenges in emotional regulation and social interaction, which can limit their participation in everyday activities and therapeutic programs. For socially assistive robots to be effective in this context, it is essential that children remain consistently and meaningfully engaged. We explore engagement strategies for a tactile robot designed to support children suffering from anxiety disorders through daily interactions. The robot delivers either synthetic emotional feedback or point rewards to encourage user participation. We evaluated these strategies through two studies: a preference assessment with 16 school children aged 6-8 years, and a behavioral study with 14 university students aged 20-27 years in naturalistic environments. The study with school children indicated a preference for emotional engagement over points-based approaches. The follow up study with university students across a full day of interactions revealed contrasting results: points-based systems produced significantly higher task accuracy (p < 0.05) and sustained performance over time. Findings from different user groups suggest that stated preferences and behavioral outcomes can diverge depending on engagement context, highlighting the importance of validating design assumptions through observed interaction. This work contributes insights into age-related differences in engagement strategy effectiveness in human-robot interaction design.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_27539
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Synthetic Emotions vs. Gamification: Exploring Engagement Strategies for Small Social Robots in Different Age Groups
Frederiksen, Morten Roed
Støy, Kasper
Robotics
Many children experience challenges in emotional regulation and social interaction, which can limit their participation in everyday activities and therapeutic programs. For socially assistive robots to be effective in this context, it is essential that children remain consistently and meaningfully engaged. We explore engagement strategies for a tactile robot designed to support children suffering from anxiety disorders through daily interactions. The robot delivers either synthetic emotional feedback or point rewards to encourage user participation. We evaluated these strategies through two studies: a preference assessment with 16 school children aged 6-8 years, and a behavioral study with 14 university students aged 20-27 years in naturalistic environments. The study with school children indicated a preference for emotional engagement over points-based approaches. The follow up study with university students across a full day of interactions revealed contrasting results: points-based systems produced significantly higher task accuracy (p < 0.05) and sustained performance over time. Findings from different user groups suggest that stated preferences and behavioral outcomes can diverge depending on engagement context, highlighting the importance of validating design assumptions through observed interaction. This work contributes insights into age-related differences in engagement strategy effectiveness in human-robot interaction design.
title Synthetic Emotions vs. Gamification: Exploring Engagement Strategies for Small Social Robots in Different Age Groups
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27539