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Main Authors: Faruqi, Amena, Speedie, Jessica, Pudritz, Ralph E., Meru, Farzana
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27627
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author Faruqi, Amena
Speedie, Jessica
Pudritz, Ralph E.
Meru, Farzana
author_facet Faruqi, Amena
Speedie, Jessica
Pudritz, Ralph E.
Meru, Farzana
contents We hypothesise that dust rings in protoplanetary discs formed by an embedded planet should have properties that reflect the planet's mass. We use 2D hydrodynamical simulations of planet-disc interactions to investigate this, focusing on planets ranging 0.5-2.0x the pebble-isolation mass, for three different aspect ratios. We find the ring's dust mass, peak location, and width to correlate with planet mass. We confirm a positive linear relationship between a planet's Hill radius and the location of a ring's density peak and demonstrate how this relationship can be used to constrain planet masses in observed systems by applying it to PDS 70. The dust ring width and mass change with planet mass for planet masses up to the pebble-isolation mass, beyond which they become constant. The steepness of the gas pressure radial profile is asymmetric, with the direction of the asymmetry being determined by whether the planet mass is above or below the pebble-isolation mass. We therefore propose a new way to define the pebble-isolation mass: the minimum planet mass which perturbs the gas enough for the pressure gradient interior to the pressure maximum to exceed the pressure gradient exterior to it. We discuss how our findings could be used to constrain or estimate planet masses from gas or dust observations of discs with measurable substructures and apply our results to 5 discs in the exoALMA sample to estimate planet masses and constrain disc aspect ratios. We also discuss how the potential for planetesimal formation in a ring varies with planet mass.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_27627
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reading between the rings: observed dust ring properties as probes of planet masses
Faruqi, Amena
Speedie, Jessica
Pudritz, Ralph E.
Meru, Farzana
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
We hypothesise that dust rings in protoplanetary discs formed by an embedded planet should have properties that reflect the planet's mass. We use 2D hydrodynamical simulations of planet-disc interactions to investigate this, focusing on planets ranging 0.5-2.0x the pebble-isolation mass, for three different aspect ratios. We find the ring's dust mass, peak location, and width to correlate with planet mass. We confirm a positive linear relationship between a planet's Hill radius and the location of a ring's density peak and demonstrate how this relationship can be used to constrain planet masses in observed systems by applying it to PDS 70. The dust ring width and mass change with planet mass for planet masses up to the pebble-isolation mass, beyond which they become constant. The steepness of the gas pressure radial profile is asymmetric, with the direction of the asymmetry being determined by whether the planet mass is above or below the pebble-isolation mass. We therefore propose a new way to define the pebble-isolation mass: the minimum planet mass which perturbs the gas enough for the pressure gradient interior to the pressure maximum to exceed the pressure gradient exterior to it. We discuss how our findings could be used to constrain or estimate planet masses from gas or dust observations of discs with measurable substructures and apply our results to 5 discs in the exoALMA sample to estimate planet masses and constrain disc aspect ratios. We also discuss how the potential for planetesimal formation in a ring varies with planet mass.
title Reading between the rings: observed dust ring properties as probes of planet masses
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27627