Transient axion streams from disrupted miniclusters
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Visinelli, Luca Naydenov, Momchil |
| author_facet | Visinelli, Luca Naydenov, Momchil |
| contents | We investigate the formation and evolution of axion streams generated by the tidal disruption of axion miniclusters through stellar encounters in the Milky Way halo. Combining a large-scale Monte Carlo treatment of repeated stellar flybys with a tracer reconstruction of the stripped debris, we follow the phase-space evolution of the streams across a broad range of galactocentric radii and assess their contribution to the local dark matter distribution. We find that the kinetic energy of the stripped debris typically exceeds its residual self-gravitational binding energy at formation, so that the subsequent evolution is dominated by anisotropic free expansion and orbital shear. As a result, stream densities can decrease by factors as large as $\sim10^{-9}$ over Galactic timescales, strongly suppressing the steady-state abundance of dense streams near the Solar circle. At the Solar radius, only a small fraction of realizations yields a nonzero encounter probability over a 10 year exposure, implying that observable streams are dominated by rare recent and nearby disruption events rather than by a persistent population of long-lived overdense substructure. Despite this rapid dilution, the streams remain dynamically cold and produce detector-frame linewidths many orders of magnitude narrower than the cavity bandwidths of current haloscope experiments. For representative haloscope configurations, we find characteristic stream linewidths in the range $Δν_{\rm stream}\sim10^{-7}-10^{1}\,{\rm Hz}$, while the corresponding Doppler drift remains well below the cavity response width. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_28005 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Transient axion streams from disrupted miniclusters Visinelli, Luca Naydenov, Momchil Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We investigate the formation and evolution of axion streams generated by the tidal disruption of axion miniclusters through stellar encounters in the Milky Way halo. Combining a large-scale Monte Carlo treatment of repeated stellar flybys with a tracer reconstruction of the stripped debris, we follow the phase-space evolution of the streams across a broad range of galactocentric radii and assess their contribution to the local dark matter distribution. We find that the kinetic energy of the stripped debris typically exceeds its residual self-gravitational binding energy at formation, so that the subsequent evolution is dominated by anisotropic free expansion and orbital shear. As a result, stream densities can decrease by factors as large as $\sim10^{-9}$ over Galactic timescales, strongly suppressing the steady-state abundance of dense streams near the Solar circle. At the Solar radius, only a small fraction of realizations yields a nonzero encounter probability over a 10 year exposure, implying that observable streams are dominated by rare recent and nearby disruption events rather than by a persistent population of long-lived overdense substructure. Despite this rapid dilution, the streams remain dynamically cold and produce detector-frame linewidths many orders of magnitude narrower than the cavity bandwidths of current haloscope experiments. For representative haloscope configurations, we find characteristic stream linewidths in the range $Δν_{\rm stream}\sim10^{-7}-10^{1}\,{\rm Hz}$, while the corresponding Doppler drift remains well below the cavity response width. |
| title | Transient axion streams from disrupted miniclusters |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28005 |