Unified Analytical Framework for SPAD Array Receivers with Dead-Time-Induced Blocking Loss and Inter-Symbol Interference in PAM-OWC Systems
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866916056051744768 |
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| author | Wang, Chen Xu, Zhiyong Wang, Jingyuan Li, Jianhua Mou, Weifeng Zhu, Huatao |
| author_facet | Wang, Chen Xu, Zhiyong Wang, Jingyuan Li, Jianhua Mou, Weifeng Zhu, Huatao |
| contents | Optical wireless communication (OWC) leveraging single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays offers exceptional sensitivity for photon-starving links. However, the inherent dead time of SPADs critically limits achievable data rates by introducing non-linear photon-counting distortions: blocking loss within a symbol duration and inter-symbol interference (ISI) across durations. This paper proposes a unified analytical framework capturing both distortions across all operational speed regimes for pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), by establishing comprehensive statistical models for SPAD array receivers. For low and medium-speed systems (symbol duration longer than dead time), we derive exact closed-form expressions for the photon counts probability distribution using renewal theory, explicitly incorporating blocking loss and ISI. For high-speed systems (symbol duration shorter than dead time), we develop a Markov chain model characterizing the steady-state operational states and integrate it with trigger probability to obtain the exact binomial photon counts distribution. Furthermore, we propose low-complexity, near-optimal threshold detection schemes based on these models. This work provides essential theoretical tools for designing and optimizing high-performance SPAD-based OWC systems employing PAM. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_28560 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Unified Analytical Framework for SPAD Array Receivers with Dead-Time-Induced Blocking Loss and Inter-Symbol Interference in PAM-OWC Systems Wang, Chen Xu, Zhiyong Wang, Jingyuan Li, Jianhua Mou, Weifeng Zhu, Huatao Signal Processing Optics Optical wireless communication (OWC) leveraging single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays offers exceptional sensitivity for photon-starving links. However, the inherent dead time of SPADs critically limits achievable data rates by introducing non-linear photon-counting distortions: blocking loss within a symbol duration and inter-symbol interference (ISI) across durations. This paper proposes a unified analytical framework capturing both distortions across all operational speed regimes for pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), by establishing comprehensive statistical models for SPAD array receivers. For low and medium-speed systems (symbol duration longer than dead time), we derive exact closed-form expressions for the photon counts probability distribution using renewal theory, explicitly incorporating blocking loss and ISI. For high-speed systems (symbol duration shorter than dead time), we develop a Markov chain model characterizing the steady-state operational states and integrate it with trigger probability to obtain the exact binomial photon counts distribution. Furthermore, we propose low-complexity, near-optimal threshold detection schemes based on these models. This work provides essential theoretical tools for designing and optimizing high-performance SPAD-based OWC systems employing PAM. |
| title | Unified Analytical Framework for SPAD Array Receivers with Dead-Time-Induced Blocking Loss and Inter-Symbol Interference in PAM-OWC Systems |
| topic | Signal Processing Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28560 |