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Hauptverfasser: Yusoff, Mariah Al Giptiah Binte, Tan, Jakin, Chen, Bocheng, Liu, Guangliang, Chen, Xi
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28782
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author Yusoff, Mariah Al Giptiah Binte
Tan, Jakin
Chen, Bocheng
Liu, Guangliang
Chen, Xi
author_facet Yusoff, Mariah Al Giptiah Binte
Tan, Jakin
Chen, Bocheng
Liu, Guangliang
Chen, Xi
contents Discourse particles, such as \textit{well} and \textit{kind of}, are crucial components that enable LLMs to ``speak'' more like humans. They are used to convey emotions, intentions, and interpersonal meanings. However, existing studies have not yet built a comprehensive understanding of LLMs' capabilities in handling discourse particles. Moreover, the limited number of studies focuses primarily on high-resource languages such as English, with little attention paid to Southeast Asian languages. In this paper, we (1) propose \textsc{MalayPrag}, a benchmark designed to systematically evaluate and analyze LLMs' capabilities in handling discourse particles in colloquial Malay; and (2) introduce five attributes that provide a linguistically grounded, unified framework for interpreting the pragmatic functions of discourse particles. Applying these two contributions, we prompt ten off-the-shelf LLMs to perform three prediction tasks. The experimental results reveal substantial challenges for current LLMs in accurately connecting discourse particles with their pragmatic functions in Malay. The provision of the five attributes designed in this study is found to significantly improve these connections, highlighting the need for structured scaffolding for models' pragmatic competence.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_28782
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Can Large Language Models Handle Discourse Particles? A Case Study of Colloquial Malay
Yusoff, Mariah Al Giptiah Binte
Tan, Jakin
Chen, Bocheng
Liu, Guangliang
Chen, Xi
Computation and Language
Discourse particles, such as \textit{well} and \textit{kind of}, are crucial components that enable LLMs to ``speak'' more like humans. They are used to convey emotions, intentions, and interpersonal meanings. However, existing studies have not yet built a comprehensive understanding of LLMs' capabilities in handling discourse particles. Moreover, the limited number of studies focuses primarily on high-resource languages such as English, with little attention paid to Southeast Asian languages. In this paper, we (1) propose \textsc{MalayPrag}, a benchmark designed to systematically evaluate and analyze LLMs' capabilities in handling discourse particles in colloquial Malay; and (2) introduce five attributes that provide a linguistically grounded, unified framework for interpreting the pragmatic functions of discourse particles. Applying these two contributions, we prompt ten off-the-shelf LLMs to perform three prediction tasks. The experimental results reveal substantial challenges for current LLMs in accurately connecting discourse particles with their pragmatic functions in Malay. The provision of the five attributes designed in this study is found to significantly improve these connections, highlighting the need for structured scaffolding for models' pragmatic competence.
title Can Large Language Models Handle Discourse Particles? A Case Study of Colloquial Malay
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28782