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Main Authors: Chen, Xingguo, Shen, Yuchen, Yang, Shangdong, Li, Chao, Yang, Guang, Wang, Wenhao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28849
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author Chen, Xingguo
Shen, Yuchen
Yang, Shangdong
Li, Chao
Yang, Guang
Wang, Wenhao
author_facet Chen, Xingguo
Shen, Yuchen
Yang, Shangdong
Li, Chao
Yang, Guang
Wang, Wenhao
contents Gradient temporal-difference methods provide stable off-policy prediction with linear function approximation, but their practical performance is strongly affected by the geometry induced by the auxiliary-variable metric. Existing Mirror-Prox TD methods typically use the feature covariance metric, whereas hybrid TD methods suggest that behavior-policy transition information can provide a more informative update geometry. This paper proposes a behavior-induced Mirror-Prox temporal-difference method, called STHTD-MP, which replaces the covariance metric in the primal-dual saddle-point formulation with the symmetric part of the behavior-policy Bellman matrix. The method keeps a single learning rate for the primal and auxiliary variables and applies a Mirror-Prox prediction-correction step to the resulting hybrid saddle-point operator. We provide a formal convergence analysis for fixed-policy linear prediction under standard stochastic approximation assumptions: the behavior-induced metric is positive definite, the joint mean system is Hurwitz, boundedness follows from a Lyapunov argument, and the stochastic recursion converges by the ODE method. We further derive projected-oracle ergodic gap bounds and an exact mean-operator comparison with GTD2-MP based on the spectral radius of the deterministic Mirror-Prox error matrix. The analysis shows that STHTD-MP can have a smaller mean contraction factor than GTD2-MP when the behavior-induced metric improves the saddle-point geometry. Exact numerical mean-operator analysis on two-state, Random Walk, and Boyan Chain benchmarks supports this condition, while Baird's counterexample is identified as a singular boundary case where the strict assumptions fail.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_28849
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Behavior-Induced Mirror-Prox Temporal-Difference Learning for Faster Off-Policy Prediction
Chen, Xingguo
Shen, Yuchen
Yang, Shangdong
Li, Chao
Yang, Guang
Wang, Wenhao
Artificial Intelligence
Gradient temporal-difference methods provide stable off-policy prediction with linear function approximation, but their practical performance is strongly affected by the geometry induced by the auxiliary-variable metric. Existing Mirror-Prox TD methods typically use the feature covariance metric, whereas hybrid TD methods suggest that behavior-policy transition information can provide a more informative update geometry. This paper proposes a behavior-induced Mirror-Prox temporal-difference method, called STHTD-MP, which replaces the covariance metric in the primal-dual saddle-point formulation with the symmetric part of the behavior-policy Bellman matrix. The method keeps a single learning rate for the primal and auxiliary variables and applies a Mirror-Prox prediction-correction step to the resulting hybrid saddle-point operator. We provide a formal convergence analysis for fixed-policy linear prediction under standard stochastic approximation assumptions: the behavior-induced metric is positive definite, the joint mean system is Hurwitz, boundedness follows from a Lyapunov argument, and the stochastic recursion converges by the ODE method. We further derive projected-oracle ergodic gap bounds and an exact mean-operator comparison with GTD2-MP based on the spectral radius of the deterministic Mirror-Prox error matrix. The analysis shows that STHTD-MP can have a smaller mean contraction factor than GTD2-MP when the behavior-induced metric improves the saddle-point geometry. Exact numerical mean-operator analysis on two-state, Random Walk, and Boyan Chain benchmarks supports this condition, while Baird's counterexample is identified as a singular boundary case where the strict assumptions fail.
title Behavior-Induced Mirror-Prox Temporal-Difference Learning for Faster Off-Policy Prediction
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28849