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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29110 |
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| _version_ | 1866918528816250880 |
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| author | Balaji, Muralidhar Madabhushi Liu, Parker Cornwall, Patrick Wang, Tianyi Czarske, Jürgen Willomitzer, Florian |
| author_facet | Balaji, Muralidhar Madabhushi Liu, Parker Cornwall, Patrick Wang, Tianyi Czarske, Jürgen Willomitzer, Florian |
| contents | Minimally invasive imaging with fiber optic endoscopes is crucial for in vivo visualization of tissue morphology, particularly because visualizing structural changes in tissue can support applications such as the early diagnosis of tumors. However, the imaging performance of conventional fiber endoscopes is limited when additional scattering layers are present between the target and the distal end of the endoscope. This limitation is particularly relevant in biomedical settings, where targets such as early stage lesions are obscured by scattering tissue. To address this challenge, we present a lensless endoscopic imaging approach based on synthetic wavelength holography (SWH). SWH is a computational imaging technique in which two optical fields acquired at closely spaced wavelengths are combined to synthesize a field at a longer synthetic wavelength. As the field at the longer synthetic wavelength is less sensitive to path length perturbations, this approach can enable endoscopic recovery of holographic information despite modal scrambling within the fiber and scattering in the intervening tissue. In addition, because the synthetic field is assembled from scattered optical fields with larger optical étendue, our approach can extend the endoscopic field of view (FoV) beyond that set by the numerical aperture of the fiber. In this paper, we present the first demonstration of an SWH-based lensless endoscope using a multicore multimode fiber. We experimentally recover three-dimensional images of objects hidden behind single scattering layers and through real biological tissue, with a spatial resolution of $\approx 500~μm$. We further demonstrate recovery of object information over an extended FoV of 46° without any distal optics. These results suggest a practical path toward extending fiber endoscopy for wide-field, three-dimensional imaging through scattering media. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_29110 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Lensless wide-field 3D fiber endoscopy through scattering media using synthetic wavelength holography Balaji, Muralidhar Madabhushi Liu, Parker Cornwall, Patrick Wang, Tianyi Czarske, Jürgen Willomitzer, Florian Optics Minimally invasive imaging with fiber optic endoscopes is crucial for in vivo visualization of tissue morphology, particularly because visualizing structural changes in tissue can support applications such as the early diagnosis of tumors. However, the imaging performance of conventional fiber endoscopes is limited when additional scattering layers are present between the target and the distal end of the endoscope. This limitation is particularly relevant in biomedical settings, where targets such as early stage lesions are obscured by scattering tissue. To address this challenge, we present a lensless endoscopic imaging approach based on synthetic wavelength holography (SWH). SWH is a computational imaging technique in which two optical fields acquired at closely spaced wavelengths are combined to synthesize a field at a longer synthetic wavelength. As the field at the longer synthetic wavelength is less sensitive to path length perturbations, this approach can enable endoscopic recovery of holographic information despite modal scrambling within the fiber and scattering in the intervening tissue. In addition, because the synthetic field is assembled from scattered optical fields with larger optical étendue, our approach can extend the endoscopic field of view (FoV) beyond that set by the numerical aperture of the fiber. In this paper, we present the first demonstration of an SWH-based lensless endoscope using a multicore multimode fiber. We experimentally recover three-dimensional images of objects hidden behind single scattering layers and through real biological tissue, with a spatial resolution of $\approx 500~μm$. We further demonstrate recovery of object information over an extended FoV of 46° without any distal optics. These results suggest a practical path toward extending fiber endoscopy for wide-field, three-dimensional imaging through scattering media. |
| title | Lensless wide-field 3D fiber endoscopy through scattering media using synthetic wavelength holography |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29110 |