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Main Authors: Su, Ruoxi, Liu, Yuhan, Hu, Jingyu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29458
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author Su, Ruoxi
Liu, Yuhan
Hu, Jingyu
author_facet Su, Ruoxi
Liu, Yuhan
Hu, Jingyu
contents Accurately simulating the decisions of a specific individual remains challenging for large language models (LLMs), partly because persona information is often provided as static descriptions that miss the values, experiences, and contextual cues needed for individual-level decision simulation. We propose an adaptive interview framework that gathers persona-relevant information through a structured three-stage dialogue: core questions, dynamic follow-ups, and a synthesized personality summary. Using the resulting interview transcripts, we evaluate whether LLMs can simulate participants' decisions in moral dilemma scenarios. We compare three conversational contexts -- Core-10 responses, the full interview dialogue, and a summarized persona representation. We find that adaptive interviewing functions less as a uniform accuracy booster and more as a selective grounding mechanism: follow-up-derived evidence is incorporated in around 40% of full-interview traces, and these follow-up-grounded predictions are more accurate than core-only grounded ones (45.5% vs. 39.3%). These findings highlight that richer persona context alone is insufficient: improvements arise only when models actually ground their decisions in user-specific evidence.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_29458
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Adaptive Interviewing for Persona Simulation in LLMs: Evidence-Grounded Reasoning Improves Decision Alignment
Su, Ruoxi
Liu, Yuhan
Hu, Jingyu
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
I.2.7
Accurately simulating the decisions of a specific individual remains challenging for large language models (LLMs), partly because persona information is often provided as static descriptions that miss the values, experiences, and contextual cues needed for individual-level decision simulation. We propose an adaptive interview framework that gathers persona-relevant information through a structured three-stage dialogue: core questions, dynamic follow-ups, and a synthesized personality summary. Using the resulting interview transcripts, we evaluate whether LLMs can simulate participants' decisions in moral dilemma scenarios. We compare three conversational contexts -- Core-10 responses, the full interview dialogue, and a summarized persona representation. We find that adaptive interviewing functions less as a uniform accuracy booster and more as a selective grounding mechanism: follow-up-derived evidence is incorporated in around 40% of full-interview traces, and these follow-up-grounded predictions are more accurate than core-only grounded ones (45.5% vs. 39.3%). These findings highlight that richer persona context alone is insufficient: improvements arise only when models actually ground their decisions in user-specific evidence.
title Adaptive Interviewing for Persona Simulation in LLMs: Evidence-Grounded Reasoning Improves Decision Alignment
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
I.2.7
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29458