LiteCoder-Terminal: Scaling Long-Horizon Terminal Environments for Learning Language Agents

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Peng, Xiaoxuan, Zhang, Kaiqi, Lu, Xinyu, Cao, Boxi, Lu, Yaojie, Lin, Hongyu, Han, Xianpei, Sun, Le
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Peng, Xiaoxuan
Zhang, Kaiqi
Lu, Xinyu
Cao, Boxi
Lu, Yaojie
Lin, Hongyu
Han, Xianpei
Sun, Le
author_facet Peng, Xiaoxuan
Zhang, Kaiqi
Lu, Xinyu
Cao, Boxi
Lu, Yaojie
Lin, Hongyu
Han, Xianpei
Sun, Le
contents Mastering terminal environments requires language agents capable of multi-step planning, feedback-grounded execution, and dynamic state adaptation. However, training such agents is currently bottlenecked by a reliance on scraped external repositories, which limits domain diversity, environment controllability, and the targeting of specific capability deficits. We introduce LiteCoder-Terminal-Gen, a zero-dependency synthesis pipeline that autonomously generates executable and verifiable terminal training environments directly from domain specifications. Using this framework, we construct two large-scale resources: LiteCoder-Terminal-SFT, comprising 11,255 expert trajectories across 10 domains, and LiteCoder-Terminal-RL, featuring 602 verifiable environments for trajectory-level preference optimization. Supervised fine-tuning of Qwen-family models on our SFT dataset yields agents that significantly outperform their base counterparts. Notably, our 32B variant achieves 29.06%, 18.54%, and 34.00% pass@1 on Terminal Bench 1.0, 2.0, and Pro, respectively. Furthermore, applying Direct Multi-turn Preference Optimization (DMPO) on our RL environments yields additional performance gains. These results systematically demonstrate that fully synthetic, executable environments offer a scalable and verifiable supervision signal for mastering complex, real-world command-line workflows.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_29559
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LiteCoder-Terminal: Scaling Long-Horizon Terminal Environments for Learning Language Agents
Peng, Xiaoxuan
Zhang, Kaiqi
Lu, Xinyu
Cao, Boxi
Lu, Yaojie
Lin, Hongyu
Han, Xianpei
Sun, Le
Computation and Language
Mastering terminal environments requires language agents capable of multi-step planning, feedback-grounded execution, and dynamic state adaptation. However, training such agents is currently bottlenecked by a reliance on scraped external repositories, which limits domain diversity, environment controllability, and the targeting of specific capability deficits. We introduce LiteCoder-Terminal-Gen, a zero-dependency synthesis pipeline that autonomously generates executable and verifiable terminal training environments directly from domain specifications. Using this framework, we construct two large-scale resources: LiteCoder-Terminal-SFT, comprising 11,255 expert trajectories across 10 domains, and LiteCoder-Terminal-RL, featuring 602 verifiable environments for trajectory-level preference optimization. Supervised fine-tuning of Qwen-family models on our SFT dataset yields agents that significantly outperform their base counterparts. Notably, our 32B variant achieves 29.06%, 18.54%, and 34.00% pass@1 on Terminal Bench 1.0, 2.0, and Pro, respectively. Furthermore, applying Direct Multi-turn Preference Optimization (DMPO) on our RL environments yields additional performance gains. These results systematically demonstrate that fully synthetic, executable environments offer a scalable and verifiable supervision signal for mastering complex, real-world command-line workflows.
title LiteCoder-Terminal: Scaling Long-Horizon Terminal Environments for Learning Language Agents
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29559