A Unified Two-Stage Generative Diffusion Framework for Channel Estimation and Port Selection in Multiuser MIMO-FAS

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Tang, Erqiang, Guo, Wei, He, Hengtao, Song, Shenghui, Zhang, Jun, Letaief, Khaled B.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Tang, Erqiang
Guo, Wei
He, Hengtao
Song, Shenghui
Zhang, Jun
Letaief, Khaled B.
author_facet Tang, Erqiang
Guo, Wei
He, Hengtao
Song, Shenghui
Zhang, Jun
Letaief, Khaled B.
contents Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have emerged as a promising technology for next-generation wireless systems. However, practical multiuser multiple-input multiple-output FAS (MIMO-FAS) faces two inherently coupled challenges: acquiring accurate high-dimensional channel state information (CSI) from limited RF chains and solving the combinatorial port selection problem, where the effectiveness of the latter highly depends on the result of the former. In this paper, we propose a unified two-stage diffusion framework that formulates the joint task as a maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) inference problem and decomposes it into two sequential sampling stages through a plug-in approximation. For Stage I, a continuous flow-based diffusion model serves as a powerful implicit prior for 2D FAS channels, and a parallel guided generation scheme realizes approximate posterior sampling, enabling accurate multiuser channel recovery even under severely low sub-sampling ratios. For Stage II, a discrete diffusion model is trained to approximate the conditional port selection distribution by combining supervised learning on heuristic labels with reinforcement fine-tuning, effectively overcoming the local optima of conventional heuristic algorithms. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed framework simultaneously achieves exceptional channel estimation accuracy and globally optimized port selection, substantially improving the minimum achievable rate.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_29679
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Unified Two-Stage Generative Diffusion Framework for Channel Estimation and Port Selection in Multiuser MIMO-FAS
Tang, Erqiang
Guo, Wei
He, Hengtao
Song, Shenghui
Zhang, Jun
Letaief, Khaled B.
Information Theory
Signal Processing
Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have emerged as a promising technology for next-generation wireless systems. However, practical multiuser multiple-input multiple-output FAS (MIMO-FAS) faces two inherently coupled challenges: acquiring accurate high-dimensional channel state information (CSI) from limited RF chains and solving the combinatorial port selection problem, where the effectiveness of the latter highly depends on the result of the former. In this paper, we propose a unified two-stage diffusion framework that formulates the joint task as a maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) inference problem and decomposes it into two sequential sampling stages through a plug-in approximation. For Stage I, a continuous flow-based diffusion model serves as a powerful implicit prior for 2D FAS channels, and a parallel guided generation scheme realizes approximate posterior sampling, enabling accurate multiuser channel recovery even under severely low sub-sampling ratios. For Stage II, a discrete diffusion model is trained to approximate the conditional port selection distribution by combining supervised learning on heuristic labels with reinforcement fine-tuning, effectively overcoming the local optima of conventional heuristic algorithms. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed framework simultaneously achieves exceptional channel estimation accuracy and globally optimized port selection, substantially improving the minimum achievable rate.
title A Unified Two-Stage Generative Diffusion Framework for Channel Estimation and Port Selection in Multiuser MIMO-FAS
topic Information Theory
Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29679