_version_ 1866911728424452096
author Lin, Zitao
Szabó, Gyula M.
Zieliński, Krzysztof Sz.
Guo, Zhen
Garai, Zoltán
Butler, R. Paul
Brandeker, Alexis
Teske, Johanna K.
Gandolfi, Davide
Yu, Haochuan
Billot, Nicolas
Aigrain, Suzanne
Cretignier, Michael
Wang, Liang
Mao, Xuan
Yuan, Wei M.
Lu, Hongpeng
Li, Jiayin
Alibert, Yann
Boldog, Ádám
Bourrier, Vincent
Bruno, Giovanni
Crane, Jeffrey D.
Dai, Fei
Demangeon, Olivier D. S.
Heitzmann, Alexis
Hu, Zhecheng
Karkamar, Pradip
Kriskovics, Levente
Lendl, Monika
Liu, He Y.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.
Osborn, Hugh P.
Scandariato, Gaetano
Shectman, Stephen A.
Sousa, Sérgio G.
Ulmer-Moll, Solène
Wang, Mu-Tian
Wilson, Thomas G.
Wang, Sharon X.
author_facet Lin, Zitao
Szabó, Gyula M.
Zieliński, Krzysztof Sz.
Guo, Zhen
Garai, Zoltán
Butler, R. Paul
Brandeker, Alexis
Teske, Johanna K.
Gandolfi, Davide
Yu, Haochuan
Billot, Nicolas
Aigrain, Suzanne
Cretignier, Michael
Wang, Liang
Mao, Xuan
Yuan, Wei M.
Lu, Hongpeng
Li, Jiayin
Alibert, Yann
Boldog, Ádám
Bourrier, Vincent
Bruno, Giovanni
Crane, Jeffrey D.
Dai, Fei
Demangeon, Olivier D. S.
Heitzmann, Alexis
Hu, Zhecheng
Karkamar, Pradip
Kriskovics, Levente
Lendl, Monika
Liu, He Y.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.
Osborn, Hugh P.
Scandariato, Gaetano
Shectman, Stephen A.
Sousa, Sérgio G.
Ulmer-Moll, Solène
Wang, Mu-Tian
Wilson, Thomas G.
Wang, Sharon X.
contents Young planets offer a unique window into the early stages of planetary evolution. AU Mic is one of the nearest (9.8 pc) pre-main sequence stars (~20 Myr), hosting two transiting Neptune-sized planets and a debris disk. Previous studies have shown that the rotation of the central star, the debris disk, and the inner planet b are all aligned, suggesting that the system has not undergone violent evolution. Here we report new Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) measurements for both AU Mic b and c, which happened to transit back-to-back on Aug 24 and 25, 2024, using the Magellan Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS), accompanioned with contanporaneous photometry from LCOGT and CHEOPS. We confirm the aligned orbit of AU Mic b ($λ_b=1° \pm 12°$) and finding two possible solutions for AU Mic c: we slightly favor an aligned solution ($λ_c=-10° \pm 16°$) but cannot rule out a polar solution ($λ_c=87°\ ^{+36°}_{-29°}$). Broader considerations, including dynamical stability and transit possibility, also support the mutually aligned scenario. An unexpected stellar signal during ingress and the poor TTV predictions of AU Mic c prevent a precise constraint on its obliquity, and various attempts using chromatic spectral analyses fail to outperform simple data exclusion in mitigating the stellar contamination. Our observation highlights the importance of understanding stellar activity across multiple timescales and channels when characterizing young, active systems. A robust solution for the AU Mic architecture will require either a better understanding of stellar activity or future observations fortuitously free from strong stellar contamination.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_29946
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Spin-Orbit Geometry of AU Mic b and c from Back-to-Back Transits Observed Contemporaneously with Magellan PFS, LCOGT, and CHEOPS
Lin, Zitao
Szabó, Gyula M.
Zieliński, Krzysztof Sz.
Guo, Zhen
Garai, Zoltán
Butler, R. Paul
Brandeker, Alexis
Teske, Johanna K.
Gandolfi, Davide
Yu, Haochuan
Billot, Nicolas
Aigrain, Suzanne
Cretignier, Michael
Wang, Liang
Mao, Xuan
Yuan, Wei M.
Lu, Hongpeng
Li, Jiayin
Alibert, Yann
Boldog, Ádám
Bourrier, Vincent
Bruno, Giovanni
Crane, Jeffrey D.
Dai, Fei
Demangeon, Olivier D. S.
Heitzmann, Alexis
Hu, Zhecheng
Karkamar, Pradip
Kriskovics, Levente
Lendl, Monika
Liu, He Y.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.
Osborn, Hugh P.
Scandariato, Gaetano
Shectman, Stephen A.
Sousa, Sérgio G.
Ulmer-Moll, Solène
Wang, Mu-Tian
Wilson, Thomas G.
Wang, Sharon X.
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Young planets offer a unique window into the early stages of planetary evolution. AU Mic is one of the nearest (9.8 pc) pre-main sequence stars (~20 Myr), hosting two transiting Neptune-sized planets and a debris disk. Previous studies have shown that the rotation of the central star, the debris disk, and the inner planet b are all aligned, suggesting that the system has not undergone violent evolution. Here we report new Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) measurements for both AU Mic b and c, which happened to transit back-to-back on Aug 24 and 25, 2024, using the Magellan Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS), accompanioned with contanporaneous photometry from LCOGT and CHEOPS. We confirm the aligned orbit of AU Mic b ($λ_b=1° \pm 12°$) and finding two possible solutions for AU Mic c: we slightly favor an aligned solution ($λ_c=-10° \pm 16°$) but cannot rule out a polar solution ($λ_c=87°\ ^{+36°}_{-29°}$). Broader considerations, including dynamical stability and transit possibility, also support the mutually aligned scenario. An unexpected stellar signal during ingress and the poor TTV predictions of AU Mic c prevent a precise constraint on its obliquity, and various attempts using chromatic spectral analyses fail to outperform simple data exclusion in mitigating the stellar contamination. Our observation highlights the importance of understanding stellar activity across multiple timescales and channels when characterizing young, active systems. A robust solution for the AU Mic architecture will require either a better understanding of stellar activity or future observations fortuitously free from strong stellar contamination.
title Spin-Orbit Geometry of AU Mic b and c from Back-to-Back Transits Observed Contemporaneously with Magellan PFS, LCOGT, and CHEOPS
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29946