_version_ 1866910270203363328
author Yadav, Ajay Kumar
Chatzistergos, Theodosios
Krivova, Natalie
Solanki, Sami K.
Iglesias, Francisco A.
Ermolli, Ilaria
Lagg, Andreas
Gandorfer, Achim
Iniesta, Jose Carlos del Toro
Katsukawa, Yukio
Bernasconi, Pietro
Berkefeld, Thomas
Feller, Alex
Riethmüller, Tino L.
Álvarez-Herrero, Alberto
Kubo, Masahito
Smitha, H. N.
Suárez, David Orozco
Grauf, Bianca
Carpenter, Michael
Bell, Alexander
Pillet, Valentín Martínez
Gizon, Laurent
Hoelken, Johannes
Bailén, Francisco Javier
Rodríguez, Julian Blanco
Durán, Juan Sebastián Castellanos
Harnes, Edvarda
Ishikawa, Ryohtaroh T.
Kawabata, Yusuke
Matsumoto, Takuma
Oba, Takayoshi
Siu-Tapia, Azaymi L.
Strecker, Hanna
Vukadinović, Dušan
Narita, Yasuhito
author_facet Yadav, Ajay Kumar
Chatzistergos, Theodosios
Krivova, Natalie
Solanki, Sami K.
Iglesias, Francisco A.
Ermolli, Ilaria
Lagg, Andreas
Gandorfer, Achim
Iniesta, Jose Carlos del Toro
Katsukawa, Yukio
Bernasconi, Pietro
Berkefeld, Thomas
Feller, Alex
Riethmüller, Tino L.
Álvarez-Herrero, Alberto
Kubo, Masahito
Smitha, H. N.
Suárez, David Orozco
Grauf, Bianca
Carpenter, Michael
Bell, Alexander
Pillet, Valentín Martínez
Gizon, Laurent
Hoelken, Johannes
Bailén, Francisco Javier
Rodríguez, Julian Blanco
Durán, Juan Sebastián Castellanos
Harnes, Edvarda
Ishikawa, Ryohtaroh T.
Kawabata, Yusuke
Matsumoto, Takuma
Oba, Takayoshi
Siu-Tapia, Azaymi L.
Strecker, Hanna
Vukadinović, Dušan
Narita, Yasuhito
contents Full-disk observations of the Sun in the Ca II K line have been carried out since the late 19th century at various observatories worldwide. These long-term records of solar activity are crucial for reducing discrepancies among solar irradiance reconstructions and for advancing our understanding of the solar dynamo. To construct a consistent composite record, data from different observatories must be cross-calibrated to account for variations in spectral passband and spatial resolution, which are the primary sources of discrepancies between archives. In this study, we use high spectral and spatial resolution observations in the Ca II K line from the state-of-the-art Sunrise III mission to emulate different passbands and derive empirical contrast-contrast relationships between them. We find that these relationships are well described by a power law and provide coefficients for different combinations of passband widths in the range 0.1--9 Angstroms and spatial resolutions between 1 arcsec and 6 arcsec. Applying such a relationship to observations from two major Ca II K archives demonstrates its potential to improve their cross-calibration. The results provide a foundation for the construction of a consistent, century-long time series of solar activity from historical and modern Ca II K observations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_29982
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantifying the effect of passband on observations in the Ca II K line
Yadav, Ajay Kumar
Chatzistergos, Theodosios
Krivova, Natalie
Solanki, Sami K.
Iglesias, Francisco A.
Ermolli, Ilaria
Lagg, Andreas
Gandorfer, Achim
Iniesta, Jose Carlos del Toro
Katsukawa, Yukio
Bernasconi, Pietro
Berkefeld, Thomas
Feller, Alex
Riethmüller, Tino L.
Álvarez-Herrero, Alberto
Kubo, Masahito
Smitha, H. N.
Suárez, David Orozco
Grauf, Bianca
Carpenter, Michael
Bell, Alexander
Pillet, Valentín Martínez
Gizon, Laurent
Hoelken, Johannes
Bailén, Francisco Javier
Rodríguez, Julian Blanco
Durán, Juan Sebastián Castellanos
Harnes, Edvarda
Ishikawa, Ryohtaroh T.
Kawabata, Yusuke
Matsumoto, Takuma
Oba, Takayoshi
Siu-Tapia, Azaymi L.
Strecker, Hanna
Vukadinović, Dušan
Narita, Yasuhito
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Full-disk observations of the Sun in the Ca II K line have been carried out since the late 19th century at various observatories worldwide. These long-term records of solar activity are crucial for reducing discrepancies among solar irradiance reconstructions and for advancing our understanding of the solar dynamo. To construct a consistent composite record, data from different observatories must be cross-calibrated to account for variations in spectral passband and spatial resolution, which are the primary sources of discrepancies between archives. In this study, we use high spectral and spatial resolution observations in the Ca II K line from the state-of-the-art Sunrise III mission to emulate different passbands and derive empirical contrast-contrast relationships between them. We find that these relationships are well described by a power law and provide coefficients for different combinations of passband widths in the range 0.1--9 Angstroms and spatial resolutions between 1 arcsec and 6 arcsec. Applying such a relationship to observations from two major Ca II K archives demonstrates its potential to improve their cross-calibration. The results provide a foundation for the construction of a consistent, century-long time series of solar activity from historical and modern Ca II K observations.
title Quantifying the effect of passband on observations in the Ca II K line
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29982