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Auteur principal: Cai, Ming
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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Accès en ligne:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30505
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author Cai, Ming
author_facet Cai, Ming
contents We present a conservation-based feedback-circuit decomposition specifically for general linear forced systems. In a role parallel to that of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for initial-value problems, the complete set of independent intrinsic circuit gains and their associated forcing-transformation vectors provide a complete analytical representation of both transient and equilibrium forced solutions. The sign of intrinsic circuit gains determines whether successive feedback cycles exhibit monotonic or oscillatory convergence to transformed forcing, while the forcing-transformation vectors determine the structure of transformed forcing. The exact transient and equilibrium solutions are represented analytically through the convergence of the finite-cycle forcing-transformation kernel to the equilibrium forcing-transformation kernel, which is guaranteed regardless of whether the magnitudes of circuit gains exceed one or unstable modes exist in the system. The feedback-circuit decomposition provides a new generic foundational mathematical tool for understanding, predicting, and controlling forced responses in a broad range of coupled linear systems across science and engineering.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_30505
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publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle Conservation-Based Feedback-Circuit Decomposition for Linear Forced Systems
Cai, Ming
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Systems and Control
Mathematical Physics
Dynamical Systems
We present a conservation-based feedback-circuit decomposition specifically for general linear forced systems. In a role parallel to that of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for initial-value problems, the complete set of independent intrinsic circuit gains and their associated forcing-transformation vectors provide a complete analytical representation of both transient and equilibrium forced solutions. The sign of intrinsic circuit gains determines whether successive feedback cycles exhibit monotonic or oscillatory convergence to transformed forcing, while the forcing-transformation vectors determine the structure of transformed forcing. The exact transient and equilibrium solutions are represented analytically through the convergence of the finite-cycle forcing-transformation kernel to the equilibrium forcing-transformation kernel, which is guaranteed regardless of whether the magnitudes of circuit gains exceed one or unstable modes exist in the system. The feedback-circuit decomposition provides a new generic foundational mathematical tool for understanding, predicting, and controlling forced responses in a broad range of coupled linear systems across science and engineering.
title Conservation-Based Feedback-Circuit Decomposition for Linear Forced Systems
topic Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Systems and Control
Mathematical Physics
Dynamical Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30505