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Hauptverfasser: Cohn, Clayton, Rayala, Surya, Guo, Siyuan, Wang, Hanchen David, Mohammed, Naveeduddin, Timalsina, Umesh, Jain, Shruti, Li, Ryan, Eeds, Angela, Deweese, Menton, Popp, Pamela J. Osborn, Stanton, Rebekah, Walker, Shakeera, S, Ashwin T, Ma, Meiyi, Biswas, Gautam
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30539
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author Cohn, Clayton
Rayala, Surya
Guo, Siyuan
Wang, Hanchen David
Mohammed, Naveeduddin
Timalsina, Umesh
Jain, Shruti
Li, Ryan
Eeds, Angela
Deweese, Menton
Popp, Pamela J. Osborn
Stanton, Rebekah
Walker, Shakeera
S, Ashwin T
Ma, Meiyi
Biswas, Gautam
author_facet Cohn, Clayton
Rayala, Surya
Guo, Siyuan
Wang, Hanchen David
Mohammed, Naveeduddin
Timalsina, Umesh
Jain, Shruti
Li, Ryan
Eeds, Angela
Deweese, Menton
Popp, Pamela J. Osborn
Stanton, Rebekah
Walker, Shakeera
S, Ashwin T
Ma, Meiyi
Biswas, Gautam
contents LLM pedagogical agents are proliferating, yet recent findings have raised questions about their adherence to established theories of learning and, by extension, their educational value. Concerns regarding cognitive offloading, over-reliance, and "gaming" behaviors persist and remain largely unaddressed. In response, we developed Copa, an agentic, multi-agent, multimodal Collaborative Peer Agent for STEM+C learning. Copa is built on top of the Evidence-Decision-Feedback (EDF) framework, grounding its interactions in Social Cognitive Theory and Social Constructivism and promoting sense-making through adaptive, dialogic support rather than answer-seeking. In an authentic high school computational-modeling study (n=33 dyads), we demonstrate that Copa (1) supports students' confidence building and ability to verbalize conceptual understanding without causing dependence; and (2) provides adaptive feedback personalized to learners that is interpretable with respect to students' multimodal input data. These findings position theory-guided, multimodal LLM agents as a promising path toward classroom AI integration that amplifies students' reasoning rather than replacing it.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_30539
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Theory-Guided LLM Pedagogical Agent for STEM+C Scaffolding Without Over-Reliance
Cohn, Clayton
Rayala, Surya
Guo, Siyuan
Wang, Hanchen David
Mohammed, Naveeduddin
Timalsina, Umesh
Jain, Shruti
Li, Ryan
Eeds, Angela
Deweese, Menton
Popp, Pamela J. Osborn
Stanton, Rebekah
Walker, Shakeera
S, Ashwin T
Ma, Meiyi
Biswas, Gautam
Multiagent Systems
LLM pedagogical agents are proliferating, yet recent findings have raised questions about their adherence to established theories of learning and, by extension, their educational value. Concerns regarding cognitive offloading, over-reliance, and "gaming" behaviors persist and remain largely unaddressed. In response, we developed Copa, an agentic, multi-agent, multimodal Collaborative Peer Agent for STEM+C learning. Copa is built on top of the Evidence-Decision-Feedback (EDF) framework, grounding its interactions in Social Cognitive Theory and Social Constructivism and promoting sense-making through adaptive, dialogic support rather than answer-seeking. In an authentic high school computational-modeling study (n=33 dyads), we demonstrate that Copa (1) supports students' confidence building and ability to verbalize conceptual understanding without causing dependence; and (2) provides adaptive feedback personalized to learners that is interpretable with respect to students' multimodal input data. These findings position theory-guided, multimodal LLM agents as a promising path toward classroom AI integration that amplifies students' reasoning rather than replacing it.
title A Theory-Guided LLM Pedagogical Agent for STEM+C Scaffolding Without Over-Reliance
topic Multiagent Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30539