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Main Authors: Bao, Zhigang, Wang, Dong, Zhu, Yue
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30779
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author Bao, Zhigang
Wang, Dong
Zhu, Yue
author_facet Bao, Zhigang
Wang, Dong
Zhu, Yue
contents We investigate the eigenvector distribution at the soft edge for Gaussian random matrices with finite-rank deformations, in the critical regime of BBP transition. For finite-rank deformations of the GOE and GUE with critical spikes, we find that the squared overlap between a leading eigenvector and a spike, rescaled by \(N^{1/3}\), converges weakly to the negative reciprocal of the derivative of an Airy-Green function evaluated at the corresponding soft-edge root. For the rank-one critically spiked Gaussian \(β\)-ensemble, \(β>0\), we obtain an analogous result involving an Airy-Green function. In both cases, the Airy-Green functions are generalizations of the one introduced by Bykhovskaya--Gorin--Sodin \cite{Bykhovskaya-Gorin-Sodin25}. The proofs are both based on an eigenvector--eigenvalue identity and a resolvent-differentiation mechanism.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_30779
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Eigenvector distribution of random matrices under critical finite-rank deformations
Bao, Zhigang
Wang, Dong
Zhu, Yue
Probability
We investigate the eigenvector distribution at the soft edge for Gaussian random matrices with finite-rank deformations, in the critical regime of BBP transition. For finite-rank deformations of the GOE and GUE with critical spikes, we find that the squared overlap between a leading eigenvector and a spike, rescaled by \(N^{1/3}\), converges weakly to the negative reciprocal of the derivative of an Airy-Green function evaluated at the corresponding soft-edge root. For the rank-one critically spiked Gaussian \(β\)-ensemble, \(β>0\), we obtain an analogous result involving an Airy-Green function. In both cases, the Airy-Green functions are generalizations of the one introduced by Bykhovskaya--Gorin--Sodin \cite{Bykhovskaya-Gorin-Sodin25}. The proofs are both based on an eigenvector--eigenvalue identity and a resolvent-differentiation mechanism.
title Eigenvector distribution of random matrices under critical finite-rank deformations
topic Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.30779