Clustering in atom probe tomography data: coordination number metric, percolation-based parameter scaling, and size effects

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Main Authors: Lazarev, Mykola, Banhart, John
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Lazarev, Mykola
Banhart, John
author_facet Lazarev, Mykola
Banhart, John
contents The ability to identify nanometer-scale nuclei of new phases in atom probe tomography (APT) is often limited by the sensitivity of clustering algorithms to user-defined control parameters. Conventional approaches typically rely on the Euclidean distance metric and consider only solute atoms, thereby discarding the solvent atoms that contain most of the spatial information. Here, we introduce a coordination-number metric based on the composition and apply it to higher-order clustering. Using various metrics, we investigate percolation in typical APT structures. By scaling clustering properties to the corresponding percolation thresholds, we define a self-similar variable that is almost invariant with respect to metrics, clustering parameters, and structural disorder. This variable provides a relevant description of clustering and enables the formal transfer of optimal parameters between clustering methods. We also study the characteristic clustering behavior in small precipitates and quantify how the precipitate-matrix interface alters the composition spectrum and broadens the clustering curve. Finally, using simulations that incorporate finite spatial resolution, detection efficiency, and other APT reconstruction artifacts, we show that the approach based on coordination numbers effectively compensates for heterogeneous dilations and outperforms solute-density-based methods in all tested scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_31107
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Clustering in atom probe tomography data: coordination number metric, percolation-based parameter scaling, and size effects
Lazarev, Mykola
Banhart, John
Materials Science
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
The ability to identify nanometer-scale nuclei of new phases in atom probe tomography (APT) is often limited by the sensitivity of clustering algorithms to user-defined control parameters. Conventional approaches typically rely on the Euclidean distance metric and consider only solute atoms, thereby discarding the solvent atoms that contain most of the spatial information. Here, we introduce a coordination-number metric based on the composition and apply it to higher-order clustering. Using various metrics, we investigate percolation in typical APT structures. By scaling clustering properties to the corresponding percolation thresholds, we define a self-similar variable that is almost invariant with respect to metrics, clustering parameters, and structural disorder. This variable provides a relevant description of clustering and enables the formal transfer of optimal parameters between clustering methods. We also study the characteristic clustering behavior in small precipitates and quantify how the precipitate-matrix interface alters the composition spectrum and broadens the clustering curve. Finally, using simulations that incorporate finite spatial resolution, detection efficiency, and other APT reconstruction artifacts, we show that the approach based on coordination numbers effectively compensates for heterogeneous dilations and outperforms solute-density-based methods in all tested scenarios.
title Clustering in atom probe tomography data: coordination number metric, percolation-based parameter scaling, and size effects
topic Materials Science
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31107