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Main Authors: Feoktistov, Dmitrii, Belinsky, Timofey, Veprikov, Andrey, Zainullin, Amir, Beznosikov, Aleksandr
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31371
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author Feoktistov, Dmitrii
Belinsky, Timofey
Veprikov, Andrey
Zainullin, Amir
Beznosikov, Aleksandr
author_facet Feoktistov, Dmitrii
Belinsky, Timofey
Veprikov, Andrey
Zainullin, Amir
Beznosikov, Aleksandr
contents Sign-based and LMO-inspired optimizers have recently attracted substantial attention in deep learning due to their strong performance and low memory footprint. However, their fixed-magnitude updates can hurt terminal convergence: they decouple update mechanisms from gradient magnitudes and fail to account for parameter heterogeneity, often leading to oscillation rather than convergence. We propose SoftSignum, a smooth relaxation of sign-based optimization that replaces the hard sign map with a temperature-controlled soft-sign transformation, enabling a parameter-wise transition from sign-like updates to magnitude-sensitive SGD-like steps. We complement it with an adaptive quantile-based temperature schedule and extend the same principle to matrix-valued optimizers, obtaining SoftMuon. We also develop a generalized geometry-relaxation framework based on strongly convex regularizers and Fenchel conjugates, proving convergence in stochastic non-convex setting. Experiments on diverse deep learning tasks, including LLM pretraining, show that SoftSignum and SoftMuon consistently improve over their hard sign-based counterparts and standard AdamW.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_31371
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Softsign: Smooth Sign in Your Optimizer For Better Parameter Heterogeneity Handling
Feoktistov, Dmitrii
Belinsky, Timofey
Veprikov, Andrey
Zainullin, Amir
Beznosikov, Aleksandr
Machine Learning
Sign-based and LMO-inspired optimizers have recently attracted substantial attention in deep learning due to their strong performance and low memory footprint. However, their fixed-magnitude updates can hurt terminal convergence: they decouple update mechanisms from gradient magnitudes and fail to account for parameter heterogeneity, often leading to oscillation rather than convergence. We propose SoftSignum, a smooth relaxation of sign-based optimization that replaces the hard sign map with a temperature-controlled soft-sign transformation, enabling a parameter-wise transition from sign-like updates to magnitude-sensitive SGD-like steps. We complement it with an adaptive quantile-based temperature schedule and extend the same principle to matrix-valued optimizers, obtaining SoftMuon. We also develop a generalized geometry-relaxation framework based on strongly convex regularizers and Fenchel conjugates, proving convergence in stochastic non-convex setting. Experiments on diverse deep learning tasks, including LLM pretraining, show that SoftSignum and SoftMuon consistently improve over their hard sign-based counterparts and standard AdamW.
title Softsign: Smooth Sign in Your Optimizer For Better Parameter Heterogeneity Handling
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31371