Normal approximations in nonparametric empirical Bayes
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arXiv
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910272589922304 |
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| author | Chen, Jiafeng Deb, Nabarun Ignatiadis, Nikolaos |
| author_facet | Chen, Jiafeng Deb, Nabarun Ignatiadis, Nikolaos |
| contents | Empirical Bayes analyses routinely model noisy measurements of latent parameters as normal, justifying this by an informal appeal to the central limit theorem (CLT). This paper puts this heuristic appeal on firmer analytical grounds. We show that the denoising regret of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) and related sieve methods is controlled by the rate attained under exact normality, plus a term reflecting the quality of the CLT approximation. The CLT need only hold marginally for each coordinate, and moreover only on average, without needing high-dimensional normal approximations. We identify two asymptotic regimes in which the normal approximation is adequate and the empirical Bayesian prior remains informative, and we show that our guarantees are robust to dependence and to variance estimation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_31599 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Normal approximations in nonparametric empirical Bayes Chen, Jiafeng Deb, Nabarun Ignatiadis, Nikolaos Statistics Theory 62C10, 62C12 Empirical Bayes analyses routinely model noisy measurements of latent parameters as normal, justifying this by an informal appeal to the central limit theorem (CLT). This paper puts this heuristic appeal on firmer analytical grounds. We show that the denoising regret of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) and related sieve methods is controlled by the rate attained under exact normality, plus a term reflecting the quality of the CLT approximation. The CLT need only hold marginally for each coordinate, and moreover only on average, without needing high-dimensional normal approximations. We identify two asymptotic regimes in which the normal approximation is adequate and the empirical Bayesian prior remains informative, and we show that our guarantees are robust to dependence and to variance estimation. |
| title | Normal approximations in nonparametric empirical Bayes |
| topic | Statistics Theory 62C10, 62C12 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31599 |