Gravitational Waves from hybrid defects as probe of Flavor symmetry breaking: Machine-Learning Approach
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Ghoshal, Anish Gogoladze, Ilia Tiwari, Amit |
| author_facet | Ghoshal, Anish Gogoladze, Ilia Tiwari, Amit |
| contents | We present a novel possibility that a network of domain walls bounded by cosmic strings generates a stochastic gravitational wave background (SWGB) signal originating from the spontaneous breaking of a gauged $U(1)_F$ flavor symmetry and the subsequent breaking of discrete $Z_2$ symmetry that accommodates dark matter. The gravitational wave (GW) spectrum produced by the string-bounded-wall network can be detected for high $U(1)_F$ breaking scales in forthcoming GW detectors including LISA, ET and SKA. The GW signal exhibits a distinctive frequency slope, in the infrared, compared to the standard cosmic-string case, in the frequency range between micro-hertz and hertz. We develop a possible strategy to distinguish and characterize GW spectrum of the hybrid defect from from other defects, such as stable cosmic strings, via employing the exact calculation with a machine-learning surrogate, based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP), trained on spectra obtained from the full numerical treatment. This is then used for rapid inference in the detector-specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) computation which also makes the process fast and efficient. We also discuss some possible complementarity between GW searches and Flavor observables in the laboratory. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_31600 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Gravitational Waves from hybrid defects as probe of Flavor symmetry breaking: Machine-Learning Approach Ghoshal, Anish Gogoladze, Ilia Tiwari, Amit Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory We present a novel possibility that a network of domain walls bounded by cosmic strings generates a stochastic gravitational wave background (SWGB) signal originating from the spontaneous breaking of a gauged $U(1)_F$ flavor symmetry and the subsequent breaking of discrete $Z_2$ symmetry that accommodates dark matter. The gravitational wave (GW) spectrum produced by the string-bounded-wall network can be detected for high $U(1)_F$ breaking scales in forthcoming GW detectors including LISA, ET and SKA. The GW signal exhibits a distinctive frequency slope, in the infrared, compared to the standard cosmic-string case, in the frequency range between micro-hertz and hertz. We develop a possible strategy to distinguish and characterize GW spectrum of the hybrid defect from from other defects, such as stable cosmic strings, via employing the exact calculation with a machine-learning surrogate, based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP), trained on spectra obtained from the full numerical treatment. This is then used for rapid inference in the detector-specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) computation which also makes the process fast and efficient. We also discuss some possible complementarity between GW searches and Flavor observables in the laboratory. |
| title | Gravitational Waves from hybrid defects as probe of Flavor symmetry breaking: Machine-Learning Approach |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31600 |