Finer Parameter Steps for Low-Rank PEFT: A Controlled Study with CP Tensor Adapters

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Xinjue, Wang, Xiuheng, Zhang, Yejun, Vorobyov, Sergiy A., Ollila, Esa, Wang, Zhi-Yong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Wang, Xinjue
Wang, Xiuheng
Zhang, Yejun
Vorobyov, Sergiy A.
Ollila, Esa
Wang, Zhi-Yong
author_facet Wang, Xinjue
Wang, Xiuheng
Zhang, Yejun
Vorobyov, Sergiy A.
Ollila, Esa
Wang, Zhi-Yong
contents Low-rank adapters are usually compared by sweeping a small set of ranks, but the rank also fixes the resolution of the parameter budget. For a $2048{\times}2048$ OPT attention projection, increasing LoRA by one rank stores $4096$ trainable scalars, leaving large gaps between feasible low-budget adapter sizes. This paper asks whether a tensorized adapter with finer capacity increments changes the observed accuracy--budget trade-off. We instantiate this question with fixed-component canonical polyadic (CP) tensor adapters. Under a $32{\times}64{\times}32{\times}64$ tensorization, one normalized CP component stores $193$ trainable scalars per projection, about $21$ times smaller than one LoRA rank step. We compare CP adapters and LoRA on OPT-1.3B across SST-2, RTE, and BoolQ under matched target modules, training protocol, data caps, and seed schedules. CP trains stably and fills the gaps between LoRA ranks, but the effect is task-dependent: SST-2 reaches an early low-budget plateau, BoolQ benefits from additional CP components before saturating slightly below LoRA, and RTE remains LoRA-favored. Finer parameter steps are therefore useful for diagnosing PEFT budget sensitivity, but they do not by themselves guarantee a better accuracy--budget curve.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2606_00428
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Finer Parameter Steps for Low-Rank PEFT: A Controlled Study with CP Tensor Adapters
Wang, Xinjue
Wang, Xiuheng
Zhang, Yejun
Vorobyov, Sergiy A.
Ollila, Esa
Wang, Zhi-Yong
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Low-rank adapters are usually compared by sweeping a small set of ranks, but the rank also fixes the resolution of the parameter budget. For a $2048{\times}2048$ OPT attention projection, increasing LoRA by one rank stores $4096$ trainable scalars, leaving large gaps between feasible low-budget adapter sizes. This paper asks whether a tensorized adapter with finer capacity increments changes the observed accuracy--budget trade-off. We instantiate this question with fixed-component canonical polyadic (CP) tensor adapters. Under a $32{\times}64{\times}32{\times}64$ tensorization, one normalized CP component stores $193$ trainable scalars per projection, about $21$ times smaller than one LoRA rank step. We compare CP adapters and LoRA on OPT-1.3B across SST-2, RTE, and BoolQ under matched target modules, training protocol, data caps, and seed schedules. CP trains stably and fills the gaps between LoRA ranks, but the effect is task-dependent: SST-2 reaches an early low-budget plateau, BoolQ benefits from additional CP components before saturating slightly below LoRA, and RTE remains LoRA-favored. Finer parameter steps are therefore useful for diagnosing PEFT budget sensitivity, but they do not by themselves guarantee a better accuracy--budget curve.
title Finer Parameter Steps for Low-Rank PEFT: A Controlled Study with CP Tensor Adapters
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.00428