Cycle-resolved explainability of energy storage impacts on whole-system cost and emissions
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866913175082893312 |
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| author | Zhang, Zenghui He, Wei |
| author_facet | Zhang, Zenghui He, Wei |
| contents | Grid-scale storage is not intrinsically cost-reducing or emissions-reducing: whether a storage cycle lowers or raises whole-system cost and CO2 depends on when, where, how long, what charges it, and what it displaces. Existing studies often assess storage value in aggregate or through asset-level market response, leaving a blind spot between system value and operational actions. Here we resolve this blind spot by attributing whole-system cost and CO2 consequences to individual charge-discharge cycles across present-day (2023) and planned (2030) UK and EU power systems. We show that aggregate indicators conceal sharply different cycle-level outcomes. In today's systems, commercially rational battery dispatch can reduce cost while increasing emissions, whereas long-duration energy storage more consistently captures infrequent cross-timescale co-benefit cycles that reduce both. Changing the dispatch objective redistributes storage operation within the existing opportunity set, but supply-side decarbonisation shifts that set itself, expanding co-benefit opportunities across technologies. This complementary structure shows that batteries serve recurrent opportunities, while long-duration storage captures stress-period co-benefits. The results identify gaps between market arrangements and whole-system value, and provide a basis for storage portfolio design, siting, and carbon-sensitive market reform that targets the operating regimes through which storage creates public value. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2606_00502 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cycle-resolved explainability of energy storage impacts on whole-system cost and emissions Zhang, Zenghui He, Wei Physics and Society Grid-scale storage is not intrinsically cost-reducing or emissions-reducing: whether a storage cycle lowers or raises whole-system cost and CO2 depends on when, where, how long, what charges it, and what it displaces. Existing studies often assess storage value in aggregate or through asset-level market response, leaving a blind spot between system value and operational actions. Here we resolve this blind spot by attributing whole-system cost and CO2 consequences to individual charge-discharge cycles across present-day (2023) and planned (2030) UK and EU power systems. We show that aggregate indicators conceal sharply different cycle-level outcomes. In today's systems, commercially rational battery dispatch can reduce cost while increasing emissions, whereas long-duration energy storage more consistently captures infrequent cross-timescale co-benefit cycles that reduce both. Changing the dispatch objective redistributes storage operation within the existing opportunity set, but supply-side decarbonisation shifts that set itself, expanding co-benefit opportunities across technologies. This complementary structure shows that batteries serve recurrent opportunities, while long-duration storage captures stress-period co-benefits. The results identify gaps between market arrangements and whole-system value, and provide a basis for storage portfolio design, siting, and carbon-sensitive market reform that targets the operating regimes through which storage creates public value. |
| title | Cycle-resolved explainability of energy storage impacts on whole-system cost and emissions |
| topic | Physics and Society |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.00502 |