Rethinking NB-IoT Downlink Synchronization for LEO-NTN: A Novel Overhead Reduction Method and Measurement-Based Evaluation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Karakelle, Ömer Lütfü, Karakoca, Erhan, Keskin, Bengü Bilgiç, Hökelek, İbrahim, Görçin, Ali, Yanikomeroglu, Halim
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Karakelle, Ömer Lütfü
Karakoca, Erhan
Keskin, Bengü Bilgiç
Hökelek, İbrahim
Görçin, Ali
Yanikomeroglu, Halim
author_facet Karakelle, Ömer Lütfü
Karakoca, Erhan
Keskin, Bengü Bilgiç
Hökelek, İbrahim
Görçin, Ali
Yanikomeroglu, Halim
contents Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) over non-terrestrial networks (NTN) is a key enabler for massive Internet of Things (IoT) in 6G, but in low Earth orbit (LEO) scenarios, large and time-varying Doppler shifts generate carrier frequency offset (CFO) beyond the correction range of standard user equipment (UE), making initial downlink synchronization a major bottleneck. This paper analyzes Doppler characteristics in realistic NB-IoT LEO scenarios, reviews Doppler mitigation strategies, and proposes a standard-compliant, low-overhead search-space optimization method for downlink acquisition. Results under realistic LEO conditions with real-time measurements show reduced acquisition overhead while maintaining synchronization reliability, supporting NB-IoT adaptation to 6G NTN deployment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2606_00701
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Rethinking NB-IoT Downlink Synchronization for LEO-NTN: A Novel Overhead Reduction Method and Measurement-Based Evaluation
Karakelle, Ömer Lütfü
Karakoca, Erhan
Keskin, Bengü Bilgiç
Hökelek, İbrahim
Görçin, Ali
Yanikomeroglu, Halim
Signal Processing
Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) over non-terrestrial networks (NTN) is a key enabler for massive Internet of Things (IoT) in 6G, but in low Earth orbit (LEO) scenarios, large and time-varying Doppler shifts generate carrier frequency offset (CFO) beyond the correction range of standard user equipment (UE), making initial downlink synchronization a major bottleneck. This paper analyzes Doppler characteristics in realistic NB-IoT LEO scenarios, reviews Doppler mitigation strategies, and proposes a standard-compliant, low-overhead search-space optimization method for downlink acquisition. Results under realistic LEO conditions with real-time measurements show reduced acquisition overhead while maintaining synchronization reliability, supporting NB-IoT adaptation to 6G NTN deployment.
title Rethinking NB-IoT Downlink Synchronization for LEO-NTN: A Novel Overhead Reduction Method and Measurement-Based Evaluation
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.00701