Rethinking NB-IoT Downlink Synchronization for LEO-NTN: A Novel Overhead Reduction Method and Measurement-Based Evaluation
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866914620471508992 |
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| author | Karakelle, Ömer Lütfü Karakoca, Erhan Keskin, Bengü Bilgiç Hökelek, İbrahim Görçin, Ali Yanikomeroglu, Halim |
| author_facet | Karakelle, Ömer Lütfü Karakoca, Erhan Keskin, Bengü Bilgiç Hökelek, İbrahim Görçin, Ali Yanikomeroglu, Halim |
| contents | Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) over non-terrestrial networks (NTN) is a key enabler for massive Internet of Things (IoT) in 6G, but in low Earth orbit (LEO) scenarios, large and time-varying Doppler shifts generate carrier frequency offset (CFO) beyond the correction range of standard user equipment (UE), making initial downlink synchronization a major bottleneck. This paper analyzes Doppler characteristics in realistic NB-IoT LEO scenarios, reviews Doppler mitigation strategies, and proposes a standard-compliant, low-overhead search-space optimization method for downlink acquisition. Results under realistic LEO conditions with real-time measurements show reduced acquisition overhead while maintaining synchronization reliability, supporting NB-IoT adaptation to 6G NTN deployment. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2606_00701 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Rethinking NB-IoT Downlink Synchronization for LEO-NTN: A Novel Overhead Reduction Method and Measurement-Based Evaluation Karakelle, Ömer Lütfü Karakoca, Erhan Keskin, Bengü Bilgiç Hökelek, İbrahim Görçin, Ali Yanikomeroglu, Halim Signal Processing Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) over non-terrestrial networks (NTN) is a key enabler for massive Internet of Things (IoT) in 6G, but in low Earth orbit (LEO) scenarios, large and time-varying Doppler shifts generate carrier frequency offset (CFO) beyond the correction range of standard user equipment (UE), making initial downlink synchronization a major bottleneck. This paper analyzes Doppler characteristics in realistic NB-IoT LEO scenarios, reviews Doppler mitigation strategies, and proposes a standard-compliant, low-overhead search-space optimization method for downlink acquisition. Results under realistic LEO conditions with real-time measurements show reduced acquisition overhead while maintaining synchronization reliability, supporting NB-IoT adaptation to 6G NTN deployment. |
| title | Rethinking NB-IoT Downlink Synchronization for LEO-NTN: A Novel Overhead Reduction Method and Measurement-Based Evaluation |
| topic | Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.00701 |