Orbital Hall effect-driven spin-orbit torque enhancement in Ti-based systems via rare-earth interface engineering
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866913177642467328 |
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| author | Mondal, Rohiteswar Raghu, Chennoju Baral, Animesh Haldar, Arabinda Murapaka, Chandrasekhar |
| author_facet | Mondal, Rohiteswar Raghu, Chennoju Baral, Animesh Haldar, Arabinda Murapaka, Chandrasekhar |
| contents | Orbital currents in light metals offer large orbital Hall conductivities, yet translating this into practical spin-orbit torque efficiency is hindered by fundamental limitations. In this work, we introduce a Gd interlayer between a Ti orbital source and a Co ferromagnet to enhance the orbital torque efficiency. Ferromagnetic resonance-based spin (orbital) pumping measurements identify an optimal Gd thickness of around 4 nm, where the orbital-to-spin conversion efficiency reaches its maximum. The Ti-thickness dependence of the inverse orbital Hall effect signal confirms a bulk orbital Hall origin in Ti and yields a qualitative orbital diffusion length exceeding 20 nm. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements demonstrate a fivefold enhancement of the SOT efficiency in Ti(20 nm)/Co compared to a Gd(4 nm)/Co reference. Interestingly, the trilayer Ti/Gd/Co architecture exhibits a spin (orbital) torque efficiency greater than 1, which is higher than that of the bilayer Ti/Co and Gd/Co structures, irrespective of Ti thickness. These results establish rare-earth interlayer engineering as a viable route to enhanced orbital torque efficiency for next-generation spin-orbitronic devices. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2606_01308 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Orbital Hall effect-driven spin-orbit torque enhancement in Ti-based systems via rare-earth interface engineering Mondal, Rohiteswar Raghu, Chennoju Baral, Animesh Haldar, Arabinda Murapaka, Chandrasekhar Materials Science Orbital currents in light metals offer large orbital Hall conductivities, yet translating this into practical spin-orbit torque efficiency is hindered by fundamental limitations. In this work, we introduce a Gd interlayer between a Ti orbital source and a Co ferromagnet to enhance the orbital torque efficiency. Ferromagnetic resonance-based spin (orbital) pumping measurements identify an optimal Gd thickness of around 4 nm, where the orbital-to-spin conversion efficiency reaches its maximum. The Ti-thickness dependence of the inverse orbital Hall effect signal confirms a bulk orbital Hall origin in Ti and yields a qualitative orbital diffusion length exceeding 20 nm. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements demonstrate a fivefold enhancement of the SOT efficiency in Ti(20 nm)/Co compared to a Gd(4 nm)/Co reference. Interestingly, the trilayer Ti/Gd/Co architecture exhibits a spin (orbital) torque efficiency greater than 1, which is higher than that of the bilayer Ti/Co and Gd/Co structures, irrespective of Ti thickness. These results establish rare-earth interlayer engineering as a viable route to enhanced orbital torque efficiency for next-generation spin-orbitronic devices. |
| title | Orbital Hall effect-driven spin-orbit torque enhancement in Ti-based systems via rare-earth interface engineering |
| topic | Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.01308 |