Anti-Fourier heat flux does not certify the fourth-order closure state of a rarefied cavity
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917553044979712 |
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| author | Roohi, Ehsan |
| author_facet | Roohi, Ehsan |
| contents | Cold-to-hot heat transfer in rarefied cavities is usually treated as a signature of Fourier-law failure. Here it is used to ask whether a correct anti-Fourier heat-flux field certifies the flux-side fourth-order closure state. In a two-dimensional monatomic flow, the heat-flux hierarchy observes the divergence of the composite R26-level tensor \(A_{ij}=R^{\cl}_{ij}+Δδ_{ij}/3\), not the tensorial fourth-order anisotropy \(R^{\cl}_{ij}\) and scalar fourth-order excess \(Δ\) separately. Unlike the one-dimensional shock problem, the null space is not a single algebraic direction: it is the function space of divergence-free symmetric tensor fields, including an exactly invisible out-of-plane channel \(A_{zz}\). DSMC data for argon lid-driven cavities show that the size of the anti-Fourier region is strongly regime dependent: it is suppressed when the lid speed is increased from \(100\) to \(200\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}\), but enlarged when the Knudsen number is increased from \(0.05\) to \(0.10\). In all cases, the anti-Fourier channel is primarily tensorial, while scalar-excess effects remain a smaller local modulation. Hidden Airy and out-of-plane states, scaled relative to the measured RMS composite tensor, change \(R^{\cl}\) and \(Δ\) by order-one amounts while leaving the in-plane heat-flux observable below the seed-to-seed statistical resolution, or exactly unchanged for the \(A_{zz}\) mode. These shifted states satisfy necessary scalar Cauchy and contracted fourth-order Gram-positivity checks. Thus anti-Fourier heat-flux agreement is a physical validation target, but it is not a certificate of full R26-level closure recovery. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2606_01480 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Anti-Fourier heat flux does not certify the fourth-order closure state of a rarefied cavity Roohi, Ehsan Fluid Dynamics Cold-to-hot heat transfer in rarefied cavities is usually treated as a signature of Fourier-law failure. Here it is used to ask whether a correct anti-Fourier heat-flux field certifies the flux-side fourth-order closure state. In a two-dimensional monatomic flow, the heat-flux hierarchy observes the divergence of the composite R26-level tensor \(A_{ij}=R^{\cl}_{ij}+Δδ_{ij}/3\), not the tensorial fourth-order anisotropy \(R^{\cl}_{ij}\) and scalar fourth-order excess \(Δ\) separately. Unlike the one-dimensional shock problem, the null space is not a single algebraic direction: it is the function space of divergence-free symmetric tensor fields, including an exactly invisible out-of-plane channel \(A_{zz}\). DSMC data for argon lid-driven cavities show that the size of the anti-Fourier region is strongly regime dependent: it is suppressed when the lid speed is increased from \(100\) to \(200\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}\), but enlarged when the Knudsen number is increased from \(0.05\) to \(0.10\). In all cases, the anti-Fourier channel is primarily tensorial, while scalar-excess effects remain a smaller local modulation. Hidden Airy and out-of-plane states, scaled relative to the measured RMS composite tensor, change \(R^{\cl}\) and \(Δ\) by order-one amounts while leaving the in-plane heat-flux observable below the seed-to-seed statistical resolution, or exactly unchanged for the \(A_{zz}\) mode. These shifted states satisfy necessary scalar Cauchy and contracted fourth-order Gram-positivity checks. Thus anti-Fourier heat-flux agreement is a physical validation target, but it is not a certificate of full R26-level closure recovery. |
| title | Anti-Fourier heat flux does not certify the fourth-order closure state of a rarefied cavity |
| topic | Fluid Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.01480 |