Cost-Aware Diffusion Draft Trees for Speculative Decoding

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Zhang, Shuai, Qiu, Huachuan, He, Hongliang, Dai, Yong
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Zhang, Shuai
Qiu, Huachuan
He, Hongliang
Dai, Yong
author_facet Zhang, Shuai
Qiu, Huachuan
He, Hongliang
Dai, Yong
contents Speculative decoding accelerates inference by having a lightweight drafter propose tokens verified in parallel by the target language model. Block diffusion drafters such as DFlash generate an entire draft block in one pass, yielding per-position marginals; DDTree uses these to build a candidate tree that maximizes expected acceptance length under a fixed node budget. We observe, however, that acceptance length is non-decreasing in budget: it always favors larger trees regardless of verification cost, offering no principled basis for budget selection. We introduce \textbf{CaDDTree} (Cost-aware Diffusion Draft Tree), a method that directly optimizes token throughput (expected tokens generated per unit time) by jointly selecting the tree structure and node budget. We model draft and verification latencies explicitly, show that the throughput objective decomposes into a per-round one-dimensional search over the budget, and prove that under a convex verification cost the throughput function is \emph{unimodal}, enabling an efficient greedy stopping rule. CaDDTree requires no offline budget search, adapting the budget each round from the current per-position distributions and verification cost. Experiments on Qwen3-4B and Qwen3-8B across eight benchmarks spanning reasoning, coding, and instruction-following tasks show that \caDDTree{} matches or surpasses DDTree with oracle budget selection on nearly all tasks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2606_01813
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Cost-Aware Diffusion Draft Trees for Speculative Decoding
Zhang, Shuai
Qiu, Huachuan
He, Hongliang
Dai, Yong
Computation and Language
Speculative decoding accelerates inference by having a lightweight drafter propose tokens verified in parallel by the target language model. Block diffusion drafters such as DFlash generate an entire draft block in one pass, yielding per-position marginals; DDTree uses these to build a candidate tree that maximizes expected acceptance length under a fixed node budget. We observe, however, that acceptance length is non-decreasing in budget: it always favors larger trees regardless of verification cost, offering no principled basis for budget selection. We introduce \textbf{CaDDTree} (Cost-aware Diffusion Draft Tree), a method that directly optimizes token throughput (expected tokens generated per unit time) by jointly selecting the tree structure and node budget. We model draft and verification latencies explicitly, show that the throughput objective decomposes into a per-round one-dimensional search over the budget, and prove that under a convex verification cost the throughput function is \emph{unimodal}, enabling an efficient greedy stopping rule. CaDDTree requires no offline budget search, adapting the budget each round from the current per-position distributions and verification cost. Experiments on Qwen3-4B and Qwen3-8B across eight benchmarks spanning reasoning, coding, and instruction-following tasks show that \caDDTree{} matches or surpasses DDTree with oracle budget selection on nearly all tasks.
title Cost-Aware Diffusion Draft Trees for Speculative Decoding
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.01813