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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Hill, James David
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	1969
Subjects:	English Education Guidelines Inservice Teacher Education Preservice Teacher Education Professional Training Secondary School Teachers Teacher Associations Teacher Background Teacher Certification Teacher Improvement Teaching Conditions
Online Access:	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED045654
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A Study of the Professional Preparation of English Teachers in Certain Alabama Secondary Schools. Hill, James David English Education Guidelines Inservice Teacher Education Preservice Teacher Education Professional Training Secondary School Teachers Teacher Associations Teacher Background Teacher Certification Teacher Improvement Teaching Conditions The purpose of this research was to determine the professional training needed by English teachers in the service area of Livingston University (Alabama) in order to develop guidelines for a program of professional improvement. It focused on three interrelated dimensions of the professional development of English teachers: (1) initial or pre-service preparation and certification, (2) the actual teaching setting, and (3) continuing education activities. A questionnaire sent to 140 English teachers in 51 secondary schools in the area was the data-gathering instrument. Questionnaires were completed and returned by 60.7% of the teachers. From the findings, general guidelines for a program o f professional improvement were suggested: (1) pursuing further formal study, (2) joining professional organizations and attending their meetings, (3) developing a professional library in the local school and keeping abreast of modern developments, (4) utilizing supervisory and consultant services, (5) visiting other classes and schools, (6) attending short-term institutes and workshops, (7) utilizing available materials and machines, and (8) conducting follow-up studies or evaluations of programs of professional improvement. (Author/LK)

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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