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Main Author:	Mosley, Isobel
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	1974
Subjects:	College Libraries Cost Effectiveness Data Collection Librarians Library Automation Library Circulation Library Expenditures Library Research Library Science Library Services Library Technical Processes Models Program Effectiveness Use Studies
Online Access:	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED097009
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author	Mosley, Isobel
author_facet	Mosley, Isobel Mosley, Isobel
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Automation of a Circulation System. Mosley, Isobel College Libraries Cost Effectiveness Data Collection Librarians Library Automation Library Circulation Library Expenditures Library Research Library Science Library Services Library Technical Processes Models Program Effectiveness Use Studies A general methodology for cost effectiveness analysis was developed and applied to the Colorado State University library loan desk. The cost effectiveness of the existing semi-automated circulation system was compared with that of a fully manual one, based on the existing manual subsystem. Faculty users' time and computer operating costs were measured. Labor costs were broken down for each circulation activity and were established by means of a time study analysis. The study also considered all, and measured some, changes in effectiveness in meeting the objectives of the circulation department. The results indicate that the existing system is more expensive than the manual one, that the semi-automated system is more effective in saving user's time, and that the record-keeping for the automated system is less accurate than that of the manual system. (Author/WH)
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_ED097009
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	1974
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Automation of a Circulation System. Mosley, Isobel College Libraries Cost Effectiveness Data Collection Librarians Library Automation Library Circulation Library Expenditures Library Research Library Science Library Services Library Technical Processes Models Program Effectiveness Use Studies Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Automation of a Circulation System. Mosley, Isobel College Libraries Cost Effectiveness Data Collection Librarians Library Automation Library Circulation Library Expenditures Library Research Library Science Library Services Library Technical Processes Models Program Effectiveness Use Studies A general methodology for cost effectiveness analysis was developed and applied to the Colorado State University library loan desk. The cost effectiveness of the existing semi-automated circulation system was compared with that of a fully manual one, based on the existing manual subsystem. Faculty users' time and computer operating costs were measured. Labor costs were broken down for each circulation activity and were established by means of a time study analysis. The study also considered all, and measured some, changes in effectiveness in meeting the objectives of the circulation department. The results indicate that the existing system is more expensive than the manual one, that the semi-automated system is more effective in saving user's time, and that the record-keeping for the automated system is less accurate than that of the manual system. (Author/WH)
title	Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Automation of a Circulation System.
topic	College Libraries Cost Effectiveness Data Collection Librarians Library Automation Library Circulation Library Expenditures Library Research Library Science Library Services Library Technical Processes Models Program Effectiveness Use Studies
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED097009

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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