Computer Assistance in Information Work. Part I: Conceptual Framework for Improving the Computer/User Interface in Information Work. Part II: Catalog of Acceleration, Augmentation, and Delegation Functions in Information Work.

Fuente: ERIC Institute of Education Sciences

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Paisley, William, Butler, Matilda
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	1977
Subjects:	Automation Computer Oriented Programs Computer Science Computers Cybernetics Information Processing Information Science Information Systems Information Theory Library Automation
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Paisley, William Butler, Matilda
author_facet	Paisley, William Butler, Matilda Paisley, William Butler, Matilda
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	Computer Assistance in Information Work. Part I: Conceptual Framework for Improving the Computer/User Interface in Information Work. Part II: Catalog of Acceleration, Augmentation, and Delegation Functions in Information Work. Paisley, William Butler, Matilda Automation Computer Oriented Programs Computer Science Computers Cybernetics Information Processing Information Science Information Systems Information Theory Library Automation This study of the computer/user interface investigated the role of the computer in performing information tasks that users now perform without computer assistance. Users' perceptual/cognitive processes are to be accelerated or augmented by the computer; a long term goal is to delegate information tasks entirely to the computer. Cybernetic and psychological theories help to identify twelve perceptual/cognitive processes that underlie information tasks: scanning, fixating, feature extracting, decoding, comparing, deciding, inducing, deducing, retrieving, selecting, transforming, and producing. Functions that the computer may perform to accelerate, augment, and delegate these processes are exemplified by displaying, analyzing, simulating, and editing. In the late 1970's, computer research and development can increasingly shift from system-oriented problems to user-oriented problems. The communication functions shared by most users are displaying, commanding, inputting, editing, outputting, and transmitting. It is neither necessary nor desirable that totally new information systems be designed to accommodate these functions. Four types of existing systems (information storage and retrieval, teleconference, instruction, decision support) should be regarded as extendable with respect to new functions. Since existing systems permit low-cost evaluation of new functions, the sequel to this study should be a program of acceleration, augmentation and delegation experiments using existing systems. (Author/JAB)
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_ED146900
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	1977
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	Computer Assistance in Information Work. Part I: Conceptual Framework for Improving the Computer/User Interface in Information Work. Part II: Catalog of Acceleration, Augmentation, and Delegation Functions in Information Work. Paisley, William Butler, Matilda Automation Computer Oriented Programs Computer Science Computers Cybernetics Information Processing Information Science Information Systems Information Theory Library Automation Computer Assistance in Information Work. Part I: Conceptual Framework for Improving the Computer/User Interface in Information Work. Part II: Catalog of Acceleration, Augmentation, and Delegation Functions in Information Work. Paisley, William Butler, Matilda Automation Computer Oriented Programs Computer Science Computers Cybernetics Information Processing Information Science Information Systems Information Theory Library Automation This study of the computer/user interface investigated the role of the computer in performing information tasks that users now perform without computer assistance. Users' perceptual/cognitive processes are to be accelerated or augmented by the computer; a long term goal is to delegate information tasks entirely to the computer. Cybernetic and psychological theories help to identify twelve perceptual/cognitive processes that underlie information tasks: scanning, fixating, feature extracting, decoding, comparing, deciding, inducing, deducing, retrieving, selecting, transforming, and producing. Functions that the computer may perform to accelerate, augment, and delegate these processes are exemplified by displaying, analyzing, simulating, and editing. In the late 1970's, computer research and development can increasingly shift from system-oriented problems to user-oriented problems. The communication functions shared by most users are displaying, commanding, inputting, editing, outputting, and transmitting. It is neither necessary nor desirable that totally new information systems be designed to accommodate these functions. Four types of existing systems (information storage and retrieval, teleconference, instruction, decision support) should be regarded as extendable with respect to new functions. Since existing systems permit low-cost evaluation of new functions, the sequel to this study should be a program of acceleration, augmentation and delegation experiments using existing systems. (Author/JAB)
title	Computer Assistance in Information Work. Part I: Conceptual Framework for Improving the Computer/User Interface in Information Work. Part II: Catalog of Acceleration, Augmentation, and Delegation Functions in Information Work.
topic	Automation Computer Oriented Programs Computer Science Computers Cybernetics Information Processing Information Science Information Systems Information Theory Library Automation
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED146900

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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