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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Brown, Minnette I.
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	1990
Subjects:	Class Activities Grade 2 Primary Education Reading Attitudes Reading Comprehension Reading Instruction Reading Research Reading Strategies Teaching Methods
Online Access:	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED322468
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author	Brown, Minnette I.
author_facet	Brown, Minnette I. Brown, Minnette I.
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	Improving Reading Comprehension of Second Grade Students through the Use of "Story Mapping." Brown, Minnette I. Class Activities Grade 2 Primary Education Reading Attitudes Reading Comprehension Reading Instruction Reading Research Reading Strategies Teaching Methods This study investigated the effects of story mapping on reading comprehension. Subjects, 20 second-grade students of below-average reading achievement, were presented over a 10-week period with activities in story mapping utilizing a variety of story map frames. The Metropolitan Achievement Test was administered as a pre- and posttest. Results indicated that with story mapping, students were better able to see the relation between story elements as well as to detail before, during, and after reading. Results also indicated significantly higher scores in literal and inferential comprehension. Findings suggest an improved attitude toward reading thus, increasing the use of library facilities both in and out of school. (Four tables of data, an attitude survey, a survey of library usage, lesson plans, and story map frames are appended.) (RS)
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_ED322468
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	1990
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	Improving Reading Comprehension of Second Grade Students through the Use of "Story Mapping." Brown, Minnette I. Class Activities Grade 2 Primary Education Reading Attitudes Reading Comprehension Reading Instruction Reading Research Reading Strategies Teaching Methods Improving Reading Comprehension of Second Grade Students through the Use of "Story Mapping." Brown, Minnette I. Class Activities Grade 2 Primary Education Reading Attitudes Reading Comprehension Reading Instruction Reading Research Reading Strategies Teaching Methods This study investigated the effects of story mapping on reading comprehension. Subjects, 20 second-grade students of below-average reading achievement, were presented over a 10-week period with activities in story mapping utilizing a variety of story map frames. The Metropolitan Achievement Test was administered as a pre- and posttest. Results indicated that with story mapping, students were better able to see the relation between story elements as well as to detail before, during, and after reading. Results also indicated significantly higher scores in literal and inferential comprehension. Findings suggest an improved attitude toward reading thus, increasing the use of library facilities both in and out of school. (Four tables of data, an attitude survey, a survey of library usage, lesson plans, and story map frames are appended.) (RS)
title	Improving Reading Comprehension of Second Grade Students through the Use of "Story Mapping."
topic	Class Activities Grade 2 Primary Education Reading Attitudes Reading Comprehension Reading Instruction Reading Research Reading Strategies Teaching Methods
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED322468

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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