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| Format: | Recurso educativo Open Access |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
1993
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| Online Access: | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED372459 |
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| _version_ | 1867181884225617920 |
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| author | Palmeri, Anthony J. |
| author_facet | Palmeri, Anthony J. Palmeri, Anthony J. |
| collection | Education Resources Information Center |
| contents | Orality, Literacy, and Malcolm X. Palmeri, Anthony J. Black Community Black Culture Blacks Educational Benefits Independent Study Individual Power Literacy Racial Attitudes Religious Factors In his autobiography, Malcolm X wrote that he did not become fully literate until he went to prison in the 1940s. Literacy profoundly changed Malcolm's life--his progression from street talker, to spokesman for the Nation of Islam, to independent spokesman for human rights, is related to changes in his consciousness brought on by literacy. When he lived on the streets of New York, hustling for a living, Malcolm relied on oral communication. One scholar argues that part of the resistance to white racism and domination was the creation by Blacks of a fast-paced, improvisational language that contrasted sharply with the passive stereotyping of the tongue-tied "sambo." Malcolm never lost his "street talker" skills, but literacy was central to his later development. In prison, he became frustrated with his inability to read or write well, and he began to take advantage of the prison library. As Malcolm read and discovered the enormous injustices done to Blacks, and the attempts made to explain those injustices away, the level of dissonance he experienced became unbearable. The writings and teachings of Elijah Muhammad served to satisfy Malcolm's literate need for closure. He became a convert to Muhammad's version of Islam, a decision that had monumental consequences for his thought and lifestyle. What happened, essentially, is that Malcolm's experience with literacy opened his mind in many respects, but also closed it by leading him to devalue his earlier life. For teachers, the lesson is that the mind controlled by writing technology has limitations, as does the mind without exposure to writing. (Contains 16 references.) (NKA) |
| format | Recurso educativo Open Access |
| id | eric_ED372459 |
| institution | ERIC Institute of Education Sciences |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 1993 |
| record_format | eric |
| spellingShingle | Orality, Literacy, and Malcolm X. Palmeri, Anthony J. Black Community Black Culture Blacks Educational Benefits Independent Study Individual Power Literacy Racial Attitudes Religious Factors Orality, Literacy, and Malcolm X. Palmeri, Anthony J. Black Community Black Culture Blacks Educational Benefits Independent Study Individual Power Literacy Racial Attitudes Religious Factors In his autobiography, Malcolm X wrote that he did not become fully literate until he went to prison in the 1940s. Literacy profoundly changed Malcolm's life--his progression from street talker, to spokesman for the Nation of Islam, to independent spokesman for human rights, is related to changes in his consciousness brought on by literacy. When he lived on the streets of New York, hustling for a living, Malcolm relied on oral communication. One scholar argues that part of the resistance to white racism and domination was the creation by Blacks of a fast-paced, improvisational language that contrasted sharply with the passive stereotyping of the tongue-tied "sambo." Malcolm never lost his "street talker" skills, but literacy was central to his later development. In prison, he became frustrated with his inability to read or write well, and he began to take advantage of the prison library. As Malcolm read and discovered the enormous injustices done to Blacks, and the attempts made to explain those injustices away, the level of dissonance he experienced became unbearable. The writings and teachings of Elijah Muhammad served to satisfy Malcolm's literate need for closure. He became a convert to Muhammad's version of Islam, a decision that had monumental consequences for his thought and lifestyle. What happened, essentially, is that Malcolm's experience with literacy opened his mind in many respects, but also closed it by leading him to devalue his earlier life. For teachers, the lesson is that the mind controlled by writing technology has limitations, as does the mind without exposure to writing. (Contains 16 references.) (NKA) |
| title | Orality, Literacy, and Malcolm X. |
| topic | Black Community Black Culture Blacks Educational Benefits Independent Study Individual Power Literacy Racial Attitudes Religious Factors |
| url | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED372459 |