A Comprehensive Primer to Library Learning Analytics Practices, Initiatives, and Privacy Issues

Fuente: ERIC Institute of Education Sciences

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Jones, Kyle M. L., Briney, Kristin A., Goben, Abigail, Salo, Dorothea, Asher, Andrew, Perry, Michael R.
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	2020
Subjects:	Academic Libraries Learning Analytics Privacy Ethics Data Collection Informed Consent
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Jones, Kyle M. L. Briney, Kristin A. Goben, Abigail Salo, Dorothea Asher, Andrew Perry, Michael R.
author_facet	Jones, Kyle M. L. Briney, Kristin A. Goben, Abigail Salo, Dorothea Asher, Andrew Perry, Michael R. Jones, Kyle M. L. Briney, Kristin A. Goben, Abigail Salo, Dorothea Asher, Andrew Perry, Michael R.
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	A Comprehensive Primer to Library Learning Analytics Practices, Initiatives, and Privacy Issues Jones, Kyle M. L. Briney, Kristin A. Goben, Abigail Salo, Dorothea Asher, Andrew Perry, Michael R. Academic Libraries Learning Analytics Privacy Ethics Data Collection Informed Consent Universities are pursuing learning analytics practices to improve returns from their investments, develop behavioral and academic interventions to improve student success, and address political and financial pressures. Academic libraries are additionally undertaking learning analytics to demonstrate value to stakeholders, assess learning gains from instruction, and analyze student-library usage, et cetera. The adoption of these techniques leads to many professional ethics issues and practical concerns related to privacy. In this narrative literature review, we provide a foundational background in the field of learning analytics, library adoption of these practices, and identify ethical and practical privacy issues.
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_EJ1249737
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	2020
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	A Comprehensive Primer to Library Learning Analytics Practices, Initiatives, and Privacy Issues Jones, Kyle M. L. Briney, Kristin A. Goben, Abigail Salo, Dorothea Asher, Andrew Perry, Michael R. Academic Libraries Learning Analytics Privacy Ethics Data Collection Informed Consent A Comprehensive Primer to Library Learning Analytics Practices, Initiatives, and Privacy Issues Jones, Kyle M. L. Briney, Kristin A. Goben, Abigail Salo, Dorothea Asher, Andrew Perry, Michael R. Academic Libraries Learning Analytics Privacy Ethics Data Collection Informed Consent Universities are pursuing learning analytics practices to improve returns from their investments, develop behavioral and academic interventions to improve student success, and address political and financial pressures. Academic libraries are additionally undertaking learning analytics to demonstrate value to stakeholders, assess learning gains from instruction, and analyze student-library usage, et cetera. The adoption of these techniques leads to many professional ethics issues and practical concerns related to privacy. In this narrative literature review, we provide a foundational background in the field of learning analytics, library adoption of these practices, and identify ethical and practical privacy issues.
title	A Comprehensive Primer to Library Learning Analytics Practices, Initiatives, and Privacy Issues
topic	Academic Libraries Learning Analytics Privacy Ethics Data Collection Informed Consent
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1249737

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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