Students' Behavioural, Cognitive and Affective Outcomes in Gamified Flipped Classrooms: A Meta-Analysis

Fuente: ERIC Institute of Education Sciences

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Xinlei Sun, Maximilian Sailer
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Gamification Flipped Classroom Student Behavior Outcomes of Education Psychological Patterns Educational Research
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

_version_	1867181876178845696
author	Xinlei Sun Maximilian Sailer
author_facet	Xinlei Sun Maximilian Sailer Xinlei Sun Maximilian Sailer
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	Students' Behavioural, Cognitive and Affective Outcomes in Gamified Flipped Classrooms: A Meta-Analysis Xinlei Sun Maximilian Sailer Gamification Flipped Classroom Student Behavior Outcomes of Education Psychological Patterns Educational Research This study aims to illustrate the effects of gamified flipped classrooms (GFC) on students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes in formal educational settings. Based on the PRISMA reporting guidelines, we systematically identified and screened articles from five databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest and ERIC. Finally, 21 effect sizes from 13 articles on behavioural outcomes, 38 effect sizes from 19 articles on cognitive outcomes and 16 effect sizes from 11 articles on affective outcomes were included in this study. Then, we use CMA 3.0 software to conduct the meta-analysis for the selected articles. The calculated effect sizes indicate that GFC had a more positive effect on students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes compared to traditional lectures. Using a random effects model, we calculated two statistically significant medium overall effect sizes--Cohen's d = 0.409 for the behavioural outcome, Cohen's d = 0.400 for the affective outcome--and a statistically significant small overall effect size--Cohen's d = 0.285 for the cognitive outcome. In addition, through the publication bias test, we did not find that this study was threatened by publication bias. Moderator variable analysis demonstrated that year of publication, region, educational level, subject, treatment (intervention) duration, and learning environment were significant variables influencing the effects of GFC on behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes. Overall, the results of this study suggest that GFC significantly improved students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes.
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_EJ1468410
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	2025
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	Students' Behavioural, Cognitive and Affective Outcomes in Gamified Flipped Classrooms: A Meta-Analysis Xinlei Sun Maximilian Sailer Gamification Flipped Classroom Student Behavior Outcomes of Education Psychological Patterns Educational Research Students' Behavioural, Cognitive and Affective Outcomes in Gamified Flipped Classrooms: A Meta-Analysis Xinlei Sun Maximilian Sailer Gamification Flipped Classroom Student Behavior Outcomes of Education Psychological Patterns Educational Research This study aims to illustrate the effects of gamified flipped classrooms (GFC) on students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes in formal educational settings. Based on the PRISMA reporting guidelines, we systematically identified and screened articles from five databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest and ERIC. Finally, 21 effect sizes from 13 articles on behavioural outcomes, 38 effect sizes from 19 articles on cognitive outcomes and 16 effect sizes from 11 articles on affective outcomes were included in this study. Then, we use CMA 3.0 software to conduct the meta-analysis for the selected articles. The calculated effect sizes indicate that GFC had a more positive effect on students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes compared to traditional lectures. Using a random effects model, we calculated two statistically significant medium overall effect sizes--Cohen's d = 0.409 for the behavioural outcome, Cohen's d = 0.400 for the affective outcome--and a statistically significant small overall effect size--Cohen's d = 0.285 for the cognitive outcome. In addition, through the publication bias test, we did not find that this study was threatened by publication bias. Moderator variable analysis demonstrated that year of publication, region, educational level, subject, treatment (intervention) duration, and learning environment were significant variables influencing the effects of GFC on behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes. Overall, the results of this study suggest that GFC significantly improved students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes.
title	Students' Behavioural, Cognitive and Affective Outcomes in Gamified Flipped Classrooms: A Meta-Analysis
topic	Gamification Flipped Classroom Student Behavior Outcomes of Education Psychological Patterns Educational Research
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1468410

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
language	"en"
ui	"standard"
VUFIND_SESSION	"42fa07503bf870e02c47ce76ea449db8"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1789309842.842 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "42fa07503bf870e02c47ce76ea449db8" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1455}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1785}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"language=en; ui=standard; VUFIND_SESSION=42fa07503bf870e02c47ce76ea449db8"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.61"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"49451"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/eric_EJ1468410/Details"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/eric_EJ1468410/Details"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1789309842.8374
REQUEST_TIME	1789309842

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
language	"en"
ui	"standard"
VUFIND_SESSION	"42fa07503bf870e02c47ce76ea449db8"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1789309842.842 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "42fa07503bf870e02c47ce76ea449db8" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1455}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1785}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"language=en; ui=standard; VUFIND_SESSION=42fa07503bf870e02c47ce76ea449db8"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.61"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"49451"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/eric_EJ1468410/Details"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/eric_EJ1468410/Details"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1789309842.8374
REQUEST_TIME	1789309842

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Similar Items

Environment & details:

Environment & details: