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Main Author:	von Dran, Gisela M.
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	1993
Subjects:	Conflict Empowerment Individual Power Libraries Library Administration Organizational Change Organizational Development Organizational Theories Participative Decision Making Problems Self Efficacy Sex Differences Staff Development
Online Access:	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ476160
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author	von Dran, Gisela M.
author_facet	von Dran, Gisela M. von Dran, Gisela M.
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	Empowerment--A Strategy for Change. von Dran, Gisela M. Conflict Empowerment Individual Power Libraries Library Administration Organizational Change Organizational Development Organizational Theories Participative Decision Making Problems Self Efficacy Sex Differences Staff Development Examines the concept of empowerment as a movement to foster the democratization of the workplace and staff development. Empowerment versus participative management, the relationship of empowerment to organizational theory, factors influencing empowerment in organizations, and possible consequences of successful empowerment for employees and libraries are discussed. (Contains 30 references.) (EAM)
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_EJ476160
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	1993
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	Empowerment--A Strategy for Change. von Dran, Gisela M. Conflict Empowerment Individual Power Libraries Library Administration Organizational Change Organizational Development Organizational Theories Participative Decision Making Problems Self Efficacy Sex Differences Staff Development Empowerment--A Strategy for Change. von Dran, Gisela M. Conflict Empowerment Individual Power Libraries Library Administration Organizational Change Organizational Development Organizational Theories Participative Decision Making Problems Self Efficacy Sex Differences Staff Development Examines the concept of empowerment as a movement to foster the democratization of the workplace and staff development. Empowerment versus participative management, the relationship of empowerment to organizational theory, factors influencing empowerment in organizations, and possible consequences of successful empowerment for employees and libraries are discussed. (Contains 30 references.) (EAM)
title	Empowerment--A Strategy for Change.
topic	Conflict Empowerment Individual Power Libraries Library Administration Organizational Change Organizational Development Organizational Theories Participative Decision Making Problems Self Efficacy Sex Differences Staff Development
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ476160

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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Registered Handlers

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