Measuring Referrals: The Use of Paraprofessionals at the Reference Desk

Fuente: ERIC Institute of Education Sciences

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Dinkins, Debbi, Ryan, Susan M.
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	2010
Subjects:	Reference Services Referral Librarians Paraprofessional Personnel Library Personnel Academic Libraries
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Paraprofessional of the Year 2009: Tina Adams
by: Berry, John N., III
Published: (2009)

Beyond the Desk: Enhanced Reference Staffing for the Electronic Library.
by: Mardikian, Jackie, et al.
Published: (1995)

Paraprofessionals at the Reference Desk.
by: Murfin, Marjorie E., et al.
Published: (1988)

Working the Reference Desk.
by: Genz, Marcella D.
Published: (1998)

The Dual Nature of Staffing in the Education Library: Management Issues and Solutions
by: Osa, Justina O.
Published: (2003)

Knowledgeability of Copyright Law among Librarians and Library Paraprofessionals Employed in Adult Services at a Large Public Library System.
by: Lavelle, Bridget M.
Published: (2002)

But Does It Work? Evaluating the Brandeis Reference Model.
by: Herman, Douglas
Published: (1994)

Paraprofessional of the Year 2008: Steve Roskoski
by: Berry, John N., III
Published: (2008)

Replacing the Fast Fact Drop-In with Gourmet Information Service: A Symposium.
by: Biggs, Mary, et al.
Published: (1985)

Paraprofessionals at the Reference Desk in Ohio Public Libraries.
by: Franklin, Grace A.
Published: (1990)

Extending the Clan: Graduate Assistantships in the Reference Department.
by: Stephenson, Nina K., et al.
Published: (1996)

The Use and Training of Nonprofessional Personnel at Reference Desks in Selected College and University Libraries
by: Boyer, Laura M., et al.
Published: (1975)

Staffing the Reference Desk.
by: Peele, David
Published: (1980)

Paraprofessional Groups and Associations.
by: Owen, Linda J.
Published: (1997)

Changing Roles: Original Cataloging by Paraprofessionals in ARL Libraries.
by: Mohr, Deborah A., et al.
Published: (1997)

"We Are the Library!": Support Staff Speak Out.
by: St. Lifer, Evan
Published: (1995)

Referral Services in U.S. Academic Depository Libraries: Findings, Implications, and Research Needs.
by: Hernon, Peter, et al.
Published: (1982)

Paraprofessionals. SPEC Kit 21.
Published: (1978)

The Case for Using Paraprofessionals.
by: Larson, Thelma
Published: (1981)

The Emergence of the Paraprofessional in Academic Libraries: Perceptions and Realities.
by: Oberg, Larry R.
Published: (1992)

Job Satisfaction of Professional and Paraprofessional Library Staff at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
by: Murray, Richard A.
Published: (1999)

Reference Librarianship and the Small Library: A Selected Survey. Occasional Bibliography #2.
by: Corum, Edythe
Published: (1978)

Managing Changing Roles: Professional and Paraprofessional Staff in Libraries.
by: Johnson, Peggy
Published: (1996)

Paraprofessional Training Programs in Junior Colleges.
by: Boyer, Marcia A., et al.
Published: (1971)

Reference Manual. The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, The Golda Meir Library.
by: Belz, James, et al.
Published: (1984)

Nonprofessional Library Workers in the Science Libraries in Industry
by: Green, Charlotte
Published: (1970)

Library Support Staff in an Age of Change: Utilization, Role Definition and Status. ERIC Digest.
by: Oberg, Larry R.
Published: (1995)

The Plight of the Paraprofessional: Second-Class Citizens or Untapped Resource?
by: Porterfield, Dee M.
Published: (1997)

Raising the Bar or Training Library Technicians To Assume Reference Responsibilities.
by: Brandys, Barbara, et al.
Published: (2002)

Use of Nonprofessionals at Reference Desk.
by: Courtois, Martin P., et al.
Published: (1984)

Convergence and Professional Identity in the Academic Library
by: Wilson, Kerry M., et al.
Published: (2006)

Reference Reviewed and Re-Envisioned: Revamping Librarian and Desk-Centric Services with LibStARs and LibAnswers
by: Stevens, Christy R.
Published: (2013)

Good Fences Make Bad Libraries: Rethinking Binary Constructions of Employment in Academic Libraries
by: Jones, Phillip J., et al.
Published: (2004)

Temporary Employees in Academic and Research Libraries.
by: Chervinko, James S.
Published: (1986)

Developing New Roles for Paraprofessionals in Cataloging.
by: Rider, Mary M.
Published: (1996)

Professional Is an Attitude.
by: Malia, Elizabeth
Published: (1997)

The Status of Paraprofessionals in New York State School Districts. Phase One of a Continuing Study, School Paraprofessionals: Roles and Job Satisfactions.
Published: (1969)

The Role of the Paraprofessional in Technical Services in Libraries.
by: Howarth, Lynne C.
Published: (1998)

Factors Influencing Competence and Performance of Reference Librarians in Academic Libraries in Nigeria.
by: Omoniyi, Joseph O.
Published: (2002)

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
VUFIND_SESSION	"8831c557812ed9ee5b04bfc314a4dc68"
ui	"standard"
language	"en"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1788974582.3504 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "8831c557812ed9ee5b04bfc314a4dc68" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1455}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1782}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"VUFIND_SESSION=8831c557812ed9ee5b04bfc314a4dc68; ui=standard; language=en"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.94"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"9692"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/eric_EJ890867/Similar"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/eric_EJ890867/Similar"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1788974582.3462
REQUEST_TIME	1788974582

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
VUFIND_SESSION	"8831c557812ed9ee5b04bfc314a4dc68"
ui	"standard"
language	"en"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1788974582.3504 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "8831c557812ed9ee5b04bfc314a4dc68" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1455}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1782}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"VUFIND_SESSION=8831c557812ed9ee5b04bfc314a4dc68; ui=standard; language=en"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.94"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"9692"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/eric_EJ890867/Similar"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/eric_EJ890867/Similar"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1788974582.3462
REQUEST_TIME	1788974582

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Similar Items

Similar Items

Environment & details:

Environment & details: