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Main Author:	Smale, Maura A.
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	2010
Subjects:	Academic Libraries Librarians Educational Research Social Science Research Research Methodology Information Science Scholarship Ethics Evaluators Experiments Audits (Verification)
Online Access:	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ896123
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author	Smale, Maura A.
author_facet	Smale, Maura A. Smale, Maura A.
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	Demystifying the IRB: Human Subjects Research in Academic Libraries Smale, Maura A. Academic Libraries Librarians Educational Research Social Science Research Research Methodology Information Science Scholarship Ethics Evaluators Experiments Audits (Verification) Many academic librarians are interested in pursuing research studies that involve students, faculty, and other library patrons; these projects must be approved by an institutional review board (IRB). This article reviews federal requirements and regulations for human subjects research and explains the IRB application process. The author discusses common types of research projects undertaken by academic librarians that require IRB approval and offers suggestions for successful navigation through the IRB process. Academic librarians should embrace research involving human subjects because the results contribute to the corpus of scholarly knowledge in library and information science as well as in higher education. (Contains 45 notes.)
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_EJ896123
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	2010
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	Demystifying the IRB: Human Subjects Research in Academic Libraries Smale, Maura A. Academic Libraries Librarians Educational Research Social Science Research Research Methodology Information Science Scholarship Ethics Evaluators Experiments Audits (Verification) Demystifying the IRB: Human Subjects Research in Academic Libraries Smale, Maura A. Academic Libraries Librarians Educational Research Social Science Research Research Methodology Information Science Scholarship Ethics Evaluators Experiments Audits (Verification) Many academic librarians are interested in pursuing research studies that involve students, faculty, and other library patrons; these projects must be approved by an institutional review board (IRB). This article reviews federal requirements and regulations for human subjects research and explains the IRB application process. The author discusses common types of research projects undertaken by academic librarians that require IRB approval and offers suggestions for successful navigation through the IRB process. Academic librarians should embrace research involving human subjects because the results contribute to the corpus of scholarly knowledge in library and information science as well as in higher education. (Contains 45 notes.)
title	Demystifying the IRB: Human Subjects Research in Academic Libraries
topic	Academic Libraries Librarians Educational Research Social Science Research Research Methodology Information Science Scholarship Ethics Evaluators Experiments Audits (Verification)
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ896123

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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ui	"standard"
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SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1583}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1776}

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Environment & details:

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FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1583}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1776}

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Key	Value
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REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"language=en; ui=standard; VUFIND_SESSION=630b0903281e58f69dd1d58868d2d2b5"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
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SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
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SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.85"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"40604"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/eric_EJ896123/Details"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/eric_EJ896123/Details"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1784708597.7382
REQUEST_TIME	1784708597

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

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