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Main Author:	Lazarinis, Fotis
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	2007
Subjects:	Online Searching Search Engines Non English Speaking Greek Teaching Methods Information Skills Foreign Countries
Online Access:	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ896669
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author	Lazarinis, Fotis
author_facet	Lazarinis, Fotis Lazarinis, Fotis
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	Forming an Instructional Approach to Teach Web Searching Skills to Non-English Users Lazarinis, Fotis Online Searching Search Engines Non English Speaking Greek Teaching Methods Information Skills Foreign Countries Purpose: Locating information on the internet is an important skill in the Information Society. Some recent studies showed that searching using non-English terms is a more demanding task than searching in English. Based on these observations, this paper aims to apply the Instructional System Design (ISD) methodology to analyse, design and implement a training course for Greek users. This instructional approach considers the explanation of the internal search engine intelligence and inefficiencies with respect to non-English natural language as its basic structural element. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the ISD methodology, the tasks that needed to be trained as a web searcher were identified and a six-phase instructional sequence was constructed. The instructional methodology is evaluated with the aid of students in an authentic environment. Findings: The evaluation revealed that learners who followed the structured approach and were aware of the search engines' limitations relating to the Greek language performed better in the web searching experiments. Originality/value: The instructional methodology described can be applied in any course which aims at teaching basic web searching skills. The instructional approach presented can also be adapted to other non-English languages.
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_EJ896669
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	2007
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	Forming an Instructional Approach to Teach Web Searching Skills to Non-English Users Lazarinis, Fotis Online Searching Search Engines Non English Speaking Greek Teaching Methods Information Skills Foreign Countries Forming an Instructional Approach to Teach Web Searching Skills to Non-English Users Lazarinis, Fotis Online Searching Search Engines Non English Speaking Greek Teaching Methods Information Skills Foreign Countries Purpose: Locating information on the internet is an important skill in the Information Society. Some recent studies showed that searching using non-English terms is a more demanding task than searching in English. Based on these observations, this paper aims to apply the Instructional System Design (ISD) methodology to analyse, design and implement a training course for Greek users. This instructional approach considers the explanation of the internal search engine intelligence and inefficiencies with respect to non-English natural language as its basic structural element. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the ISD methodology, the tasks that needed to be trained as a web searcher were identified and a six-phase instructional sequence was constructed. The instructional methodology is evaluated with the aid of students in an authentic environment. Findings: The evaluation revealed that learners who followed the structured approach and were aware of the search engines' limitations relating to the Greek language performed better in the web searching experiments. Originality/value: The instructional methodology described can be applied in any course which aims at teaching basic web searching skills. The instructional approach presented can also be adapted to other non-English languages.
title	Forming an Instructional Approach to Teach Web Searching Skills to Non-English Users
topic	Online Searching Search Engines Non English Speaking Greek Teaching Methods Information Skills Foreign Countries
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ896669

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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POST Data empty

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ui	"standard"
language	"en"

Session

Key	Value
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SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1583}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1776}

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VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
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DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
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GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
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REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
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REQUEST_URI	"/Record/eric_EJ896669/Details"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1784701462.4113
REQUEST_TIME	1784701462

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

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Environment & details:

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Key	Value
VUFIND_SESSION	"1e0e56e47f10d5796986fec3441d237c"
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language	"en"

Session

Key	Value
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SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1583}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1776}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
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REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"VUFIND_SESSION=1e0e56e47f10d5796986fec3441d237c; ui=standard; language=en"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.85"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"37751"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/eric_EJ896669/Details"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/eric_EJ896669/Details"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1784701462.4113
REQUEST_TIME	1784701462

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

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Environment & details: