The Healthy Web--Access to Online Health Information for Individuals with Disabilities

Fuente: ERIC Institute of Education Sciences

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Geiger, Brian, Evans, R. R., Cellitti, M. A., Smith, K. Hogan, O'Neal, Marcia R., Firsing, S. L., III, Chandan, P.
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	2011
Subjects:	Web Sites Health Education Disabilities Access to Education Internet Access to Information Legal Responsibility Federal Legislation Delivery Systems Standards Educational Technology Accessibility (for Disabled) Accountability Guidelines
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

_version_	1867181900090572800
author	Geiger, Brian Evans, R. R. Cellitti, M. A. Smith, K. Hogan O'Neal, Marcia R. Firsing, S. L., III Chandan, P.
author_facet	Geiger, Brian Evans, R. R. Cellitti, M. A. Smith, K. Hogan O'Neal, Marcia R. Firsing, S. L., III Chandan, P. Geiger, Brian Evans, R. R. Cellitti, M. A. Smith, K. Hogan O'Neal, Marcia R. Firsing, S. L., III Chandan, P.
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	The Healthy Web--Access to Online Health Information for Individuals with Disabilities Geiger, Brian Evans, R. R. Cellitti, M. A. Smith, K. Hogan O'Neal, Marcia R. Firsing, S. L., III Chandan, P. Web Sites Health Education Disabilities Access to Education Internet Access to Information Legal Responsibility Federal Legislation Delivery Systems Standards Educational Technology Accessibility (for Disabled) Accountability Guidelines Background: The Internet can be an invaluable resource for obtaining health information by people with disabilities. Although valid and reliable information is available, previous research revealed barriers to accessing health information online. Health education specialists have the responsibilities to insure that it is accessible to all users. IDEA and ADA mandate full participation in society by people with disabilities of all ages. Healthy People 2020 also includes objectives aimed at improving health information delivery, comprehension and application in daily life. Methods: This paper summarizes legal requirements and standards to present health information using technology and offers practical guidelines for accessible health education programs. Accessibility of online information was determined for representative consumer health web sites using an evaluation tool developed by Web Accessibility In Mind (Web AIM). Web sites were evaluated according to four accessibility principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable and Robust. Results: Despite available standards to design web sites without barriers, online health information is not accessible to all users. WAVE revealed accessibility errors on representative consumer health web sites, ranging from zero errors (autism information hosted by the National Library of Medicine) to 15 errors (sleep information from CNN Health). These errors may limit access to users with disabilities. Conclusions: Implementing guidelines for universal design for learning will diminish the digital divide. Health education specialists may direct consumers to web sites designed with accessibility in mind according to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_EJ946326
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	2011
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	The Healthy Web--Access to Online Health Information for Individuals with Disabilities Geiger, Brian Evans, R. R. Cellitti, M. A. Smith, K. Hogan O'Neal, Marcia R. Firsing, S. L., III Chandan, P. Web Sites Health Education Disabilities Access to Education Internet Access to Information Legal Responsibility Federal Legislation Delivery Systems Standards Educational Technology Accessibility (for Disabled) Accountability Guidelines The Healthy Web--Access to Online Health Information for Individuals with Disabilities Geiger, Brian Evans, R. R. Cellitti, M. A. Smith, K. Hogan O'Neal, Marcia R. Firsing, S. L., III Chandan, P. Web Sites Health Education Disabilities Access to Education Internet Access to Information Legal Responsibility Federal Legislation Delivery Systems Standards Educational Technology Accessibility (for Disabled) Accountability Guidelines Background: The Internet can be an invaluable resource for obtaining health information by people with disabilities. Although valid and reliable information is available, previous research revealed barriers to accessing health information online. Health education specialists have the responsibilities to insure that it is accessible to all users. IDEA and ADA mandate full participation in society by people with disabilities of all ages. Healthy People 2020 also includes objectives aimed at improving health information delivery, comprehension and application in daily life. Methods: This paper summarizes legal requirements and standards to present health information using technology and offers practical guidelines for accessible health education programs. Accessibility of online information was determined for representative consumer health web sites using an evaluation tool developed by Web Accessibility In Mind (Web AIM). Web sites were evaluated according to four accessibility principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable and Robust. Results: Despite available standards to design web sites without barriers, online health information is not accessible to all users. WAVE revealed accessibility errors on representative consumer health web sites, ranging from zero errors (autism information hosted by the National Library of Medicine) to 15 errors (sleep information from CNN Health). These errors may limit access to users with disabilities. Conclusions: Implementing guidelines for universal design for learning will diminish the digital divide. Health education specialists may direct consumers to web sites designed with accessibility in mind according to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
title	The Healthy Web--Access to Online Health Information for Individuals with Disabilities
topic	Web Sites Health Education Disabilities Access to Education Internet Access to Information Legal Responsibility Federal Legislation Delivery Systems Standards Educational Technology Accessibility (for Disabled) Accountability Guidelines
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ946326

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
ui	"standard"
VUFIND_SESSION	"edd48dcc18aab41f4d32a22144d14030"
language	"en"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1789200921.5618 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "edd48dcc18aab41f4d32a22144d14030" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1455}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1785}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"ui=standard; VUFIND_SESSION=edd48dcc18aab41f4d32a22144d14030; language=en"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.61"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"56840"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/eric_EJ946326/Details"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/eric_EJ946326/Details"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1789200921.5572
REQUEST_TIME	1789200921

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
ui	"standard"
VUFIND_SESSION	"edd48dcc18aab41f4d32a22144d14030"
language	"en"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1789200921.5618 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "edd48dcc18aab41f4d32a22144d14030" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#938}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1455}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1785}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"info.umar.mx"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"ui=standard; VUFIND_SESSION=edd48dcc18aab41f4d32a22144d14030; language=en"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"info.umar.mx"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu) Server at info.umar.mx Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.66 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"info.umar.mx"
SERVER_ADDR	"200.23.222.19"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"216.73.216.61"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"admin@localhost"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"56840"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/eric_EJ946326/Details"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/eric_EJ946326/Details"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1789200921.5572
REQUEST_TIME	1789200921

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Similar Items

Environment & details:

Environment & details: