UD and UDL: Paving the Way toward Inclusion and Independence in the School Library

Fuente: ERIC Institute of Education Sciences

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Blue, Elfreda V., Pace, Darra
Format:	Recurso educativo Open Access
Language:	en
Published:	2011
Subjects:	Learning Theories School Libraries Access to Education Inclusion Accessibility (for Disabled) Assistive Technology Library Automation Library Development Library Services Library Equipment
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Blue, Elfreda V. Pace, Darra
author_facet	Blue, Elfreda V. Pace, Darra Blue, Elfreda V. Pace, Darra
collection	Education Resources Information Center
contents	UD and UDL: Paving the Way toward Inclusion and Independence in the School Library Blue, Elfreda V. Pace, Darra Learning Theories School Libraries Access to Education Inclusion Accessibility (for Disabled) Assistive Technology Library Automation Library Development Library Services Library Equipment Universal Design (UD) is widely used in architecture. It is evidenced in public and private spaces to ensure environmental access (facilities and equipment) to the broadest range of users. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a research-based set of principles that provide a practical framework for using technology to maximize learning opportunities for all students. This article discusses school library applications of UD and UDL: two conduits toward inclusion and independence for students with disabilities. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)
format	Recurso educativo Open Access
id	eric_EJ963476
institution	ERIC Institute of Education Sciences
language	en
publishDate	2011
record_format	eric
spellingShingle	UD and UDL: Paving the Way toward Inclusion and Independence in the School Library Blue, Elfreda V. Pace, Darra Learning Theories School Libraries Access to Education Inclusion Accessibility (for Disabled) Assistive Technology Library Automation Library Development Library Services Library Equipment UD and UDL: Paving the Way toward Inclusion and Independence in the School Library Blue, Elfreda V. Pace, Darra Learning Theories School Libraries Access to Education Inclusion Accessibility (for Disabled) Assistive Technology Library Automation Library Development Library Services Library Equipment Universal Design (UD) is widely used in architecture. It is evidenced in public and private spaces to ensure environmental access (facilities and equipment) to the broadest range of users. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a research-based set of principles that provide a practical framework for using technology to maximize learning opportunities for all students. This article discusses school library applications of UD and UDL: two conduits toward inclusion and independence for students with disabilities. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)
title	UD and UDL: Paving the Way toward Inclusion and Independence in the School Library
topic	Learning Theories School Libraries Access to Education Inclusion Accessibility (for Disabled) Assistive Technology Library Automation Library Development Library Services Library Equipment
url	https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ963476

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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