Diatom abundance counted on water bottle samples from the EisenEx cruise to the Southern Ocean

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Autores principales: Assmy, Philipp, Henjes, Joachim, Klaas, Christine, Smetacek, Victor
Formato: Dataset Open Access
Lenguaje:en
Publicado: PANGAEA 2007
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author Assmy, Philipp
Henjes, Joachim
Klaas, Christine
Smetacek, Victor
author_facet Assmy, Philipp
Henjes, Joachim
Klaas, Christine
Smetacek, Victor
collection Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales
contents The dynamics of phytoplankton species populations recorded during the 3-week, iron-fertilization experiment EisenEx carried out in spring in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone are presented and discussed as the difference between growth and mortality rates. Only two cosmopolitan diatom species, the centric Chaetoceros debilis and the pennate Pseudo-nitzschia lineola, increased population density exponentially throughout the experiment to 150-fold and 90-fold of initial values respectively. Because C. debilis initial abundance was tenfold lower than that of P. lineola, the two contributed 1 % and 21 % to bloom biomass respectively at the end of the experiment, high-lighting the role of seeding in bloom formation. The other significant species increased population size at a linear rate throughout the experiment or for a short spurt phase to 3 to 18-fold of initial values. Conservative estimates of mortality rates within diatom species populations were obtained by comparing net accumulation rates of full cells with those of empty and broken frustules. The ratios were consistent over time for the various species but varied widely between them. The species-specific variation can be explained by differences in both growth and mortality rates, the latter partly due to either selective grazing or avoidance by the large protozoo- and metazooplankton populations present. Selective predation by the abundant copepod populations on protistan grazers (ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates) of diatoms apparently aided diatom biomass build-up. The response patterns of populations of the phytoplankton species present fall into 6 categories comprising disparate species, indicating that phylogeny is a poor predictor of ecology. The group that did not respond to fertilization was the most diverse and included both endemic and cosmopolitan as well as background and bloom-forming species. This lack of response to the advent of favorable growth conditions indicates that proximate factors during EisenEx triggered growth only in some species but had little effect on others. We attribute the differences in behavior to ultimate factors such as seasonal effects on life cycles and other internal constraints on growth rates. The implications for our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of phytoplankton and its impact on global biogeochemical cycles are pointed out.
format Dataset Open Access
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institution PANGAEA
language en
publishDate 2007
publisher PANGAEA
record_format pangaea
spellingShingle Diatom abundance counted on water bottle samples from the EisenEx cruise to the Southern Ocean
Assmy, Philipp
Henjes, Joachim
Klaas, Christine
Smetacek, Victor
ANT-XVIII/2; CTD/Rosette; CTD117; CTD123; CTD126; CTD128; CTD145; CTD149; CTD16; CTD18; CTD45; CTD51; CTD54; CTD57; CTD61; CTD66; CTD70; CTD74; CTD88; CTD9; CTD-RO; EisenEx; European Iron Enrichment Experiment in the Southern Ocean; Polarstern; PS58/009-2; PS58/011-3; PS58/012-5; PS58/014-4; PS58/038-3; PS58/041-2; PS58/042-2; PS58/043-2; PS58/045-2; PS58/046-3; PS58/048-3; PS58/049-3; PS58/061-3; PS58/088-4; PS58/090-4; PS58/091-4; PS58/092-3; PS58/107-5; PS58/108-1; PS58 EISENEX; South Atlantic Ocean
The dynamics of phytoplankton species populations recorded during the 3-week, iron-fertilization experiment EisenEx carried out in spring in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone are presented and discussed as the difference between growth and mortality rates. Only two cosmopolitan diatom species, the centric Chaetoceros debilis and the pennate Pseudo-nitzschia lineola, increased population density exponentially throughout the experiment to 150-fold and 90-fold of initial values respectively. Because C. debilis initial abundance was tenfold lower than that of P. lineola, the two contributed 1 % and 21 % to bloom biomass respectively at the end of the experiment, high-lighting the role of seeding in bloom formation. The other significant species increased population size at a linear rate throughout the experiment or for a short spurt phase to 3 to 18-fold of initial values. Conservative estimates of mortality rates within diatom species populations were obtained by comparing net accumulation rates of full cells with those of empty and broken frustules. The ratios were consistent over time for the various species but varied widely between them. The species-specific variation can be explained by differences in both growth and mortality rates, the latter partly due to either selective grazing or avoidance by the large protozoo- and metazooplankton populations present. Selective predation by the abundant copepod populations on protistan grazers (ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates) of diatoms apparently aided diatom biomass build-up. The response patterns of populations of the phytoplankton species present fall into 6 categories comprising disparate species, indicating that phylogeny is a poor predictor of ecology. The group that did not respond to fertilization was the most diverse and included both endemic and cosmopolitan as well as background and bloom-forming species. This lack of response to the advent of favorable growth conditions indicates that proximate factors during EisenEx triggered growth only in some species but had little effect on others. We attribute the differences in behavior to ultimate factors such as seasonal effects on life cycles and other internal constraints on growth rates. The implications for our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of phytoplankton and its impact on global biogeochemical cycles are pointed out.
title Diatom abundance counted on water bottle samples from the EisenEx cruise to the Southern Ocean
topic ANT-XVIII/2; CTD/Rosette; CTD117; CTD123; CTD126; CTD128; CTD145; CTD149; CTD16; CTD18; CTD45; CTD51; CTD54; CTD57; CTD61; CTD66; CTD70; CTD74; CTD88; CTD9; CTD-RO; EisenEx; European Iron Enrichment Experiment in the Southern Ocean; Polarstern; PS58/009-2; PS58/011-3; PS58/012-5; PS58/014-4; PS58/038-3; PS58/041-2; PS58/042-2; PS58/043-2; PS58/045-2; PS58/046-3; PS58/048-3; PS58/049-3; PS58/061-3; PS58/088-4; PS58/090-4; PS58/091-4; PS58/092-3; PS58/107-5; PS58/108-1; PS58 EISENEX; South Atlantic Ocean
url https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.552191