Clay mineralogy of South Atlantic surface sediments
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PANGAEA
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| Format: | Dataset Open Access |
| Sprache: | en |
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PANGAEA
1996
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| _version_ | 1867169499398012928 |
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| author | Petschick, Rainer Kuhn, Gerhard Gingele, Franz |
| author_facet | Petschick, Rainer Kuhn, Gerhard Gingele, Franz |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | Surface samples, mostly from abyssal sediments of the South Atlantic, from parts of the equatorial Atlantic, and of the Antarctic Ocean, were investigated for clay content and clay mineral composition. Maps of relative clay mineral content were compiled, which improve previous maps by showing more details, especially at high latitudes. Large-scale relations regarding the origin and transport paths of detrital clay are revealed. High smectite concentrations are observed in abyssal regions, primarily derived from southernmost South America and from minor sources in Southwest Africa. Near submarine volcanoes of the Antarctic Ocean (South Sandwich, Bouvet Island) smectite contents exhibit distinct maxima, which is ascribed to the weathering of altered basalts and volcanic glasses. The illite distribution can be subdivided into five major zones including two maxima revealing both South African and Antarctic sources. A particularly high amount of Mg- and Fe-rich illites are observed close to East Antarctica. They are derived from biotite-bearing crystalline rocks and transported to the west by the East Antarctic Coastal Current. Chiorite and well-crystallized dioctaedral illite are typical minerals enriched within the Subantarctic and Polarfrontal-Zone but of minor importance off East Antarctica. Kaolinite dominates the clay mineral assemblage at low latitudes, where the continental source rocks (West Africa, Brazil) are mainly affected by intensive chemical weathering. Surprisingly, a slight increase of kaolinite is observed in the Enderby Basin and near the Filchner-Ronne Ice shelf. The investigated area can be subdivided into ten, large-scale clay facies zones with characteristic possible source regions and transport paths. Clay mineral assemblages of the largest part of the South Atlantic, especially of the western basins are dominated by chlorite and illite derived from the Antarctic Peninsula and southernmost South America and supported by advection within the Circumantarctic Deep Water flow. In contrast, the East Antarctic provinces are relatively small. Assemblages of the eastern basins north of 30°S are strongly influenced by African sources, controlled by weathering regimes on land and by a complex interaction of wind, river and deep ocean transport. The strong gradient in clay mineral composition at the Brazilian slope indicate a relatively low contribution of tropically derived assemblages to the western basins. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_726293 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | Clay mineralogy of South Atlantic surface sediments Petschick, Rainer Kuhn, Gerhard Gingele, Franz 06MT15_2; Adelaide Island; Agulhas Basin; Agulhas Ridge; Amazon Fan; Angola Basin; Antarctic Peninsula; ANTARTIDA8611; ANT-I/2; ANT-II/3; ANT-II/4; ANT-III/3; ANT-IV/2; ANT-IV/3; ANT-IV/4; ANT-IX/2; ANT-IX/3; ANT-IX/4; ANT-V/4; ANT-VI/2; ANT-VI/3; ANT-VIII/3; ANT-VIII/5; ANT-VIII/6; ANT-X/2; ANT-X/4; ANT-X/5; ANT-X/6; ANT-XI/2; ANT-XI/4; ANT-XII/4; Anvers Island; Argentine Basin; Argentine Islands; Astrid Ridge; Atka Bay; Atlantic Indik Ridge; Atlantic Ridge; AWI_Paleo; Barents Sea; BC; Box corer; Bransfield Strait; Brazil Basin; Camp Norway; Cape Basin; Cape Blanc; Cape Fiske; Congo Fan; Conrad Rise; Cosmonauts Sea; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; D-DCP-1; D-EL-1; DGS-13; DGS-14; DGS-15; DGS-16; DGS-18; Discovery Seamount; D-ORC-013; D-ORC-015; D-ORC-017; D-ORC-023; D-ORC-024; D-ORC-025; D-PA-1; Drake Passage; Dredge; DRG; D-ST-1B; D-ST-2; D-ST-3; D-ST-4; East Brazil Basin; Eastern Rio Grande Rise; Eastern Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean; EL-443; EL-444; EL-445; EL-446; EL-447; EL-448; EL-449; Equatorial Atlantic; Falkland Islands; Filchner Shelf; Filchner Trough; Fram Strait; GeoB1000-1; GeoB1000-2; GeoB1001-1; GeoB1001-2; GeoB1004-2; GeoB1004-3; GeoB1005-2; GeoB1005-3; GeoB1006-2; GeoB1006-3; GeoB1007-2; GeoB1007-3; GeoB1008-6; GeoB1010-3; GeoB1011-2; GeoB1012-1; GeoB1012-2; GeoB1013-2; GeoB1013-3; GeoB1014-2; GeoB1015-2; GeoB1016-2; GeoB1019-2; GeoB1019-3; GeoB1020-1; GeoB1021-3; GeoB1022-2; GeoB1022-3; GeoB1023-2; GeoB1024-3; GeoB1025-2; GeoB1026-3; GeoB1027-2; GeoB1028-4; GeoB1029-1; GeoB1031-1; GeoB1032-2; GeoB1033-3; GeoB1034-1; GeoB1035-3; GeoB1036-3; GeoB1037-1; GeoB1037-2; GeoB1039-1; GeoB1040-3; GeoB1041-1; GeoB1043-2; GeoB1044-3; GeoB1046-2; GeoB1048-2; GeoB1101-4; GeoB1102-3; GeoB1103-3; GeoB1104-5; GeoB1105-3; GeoB1106-5; GeoB1108-6; GeoB1109-4; GeoB1110-3; GeoB1111-5; GeoB1112-3; GeoB1113-7; GeoB1114-3; GeoB1115-4; GeoB1116-1; GeoB1117-3; GeoB1118-2; GeoB1119-2; GeoB1120-3; GeoB1121-1; GeoB1122-2; GeoB1203-2; GeoB1204-3; GeoB1205-2; GeoB1206-1; GeoB1207-2; GeoB1208-1; GeoB1209-1; GeoB1210-3; GeoB1211-1; GeoB1212-2; GeoB1213-2; GeoB1215-1; GeoB1216-2; GeoB1217-1; GeoB1218-1; GeoB1220-2; GeoB1306-1; GeoB1307-2; GeoB1308-1; GeoB1309-3; GeoB1310-1; GeoB1313-1; GeoB1314-1; GeoB1401-1; GeoB1403-2; GeoB1405-7; GeoB1407-7; GeoB1413-2; GeoB1414-2; GeoB1415-1; GeoB1417-2; GeoB1418-1; GeoB1419-1; GeoB1420-1; GeoB1421-1; GeoB1501-3; GeoB1503-2; GeoB1504-1; GeoB1505-3; GeoB1506-1; GeoB1508-1; GeoB1509-2; GeoB1510-1; GeoB1511-6; GeoB1512-2; GeoB1513-2; GeoB1514-4; GeoB1515-2; GeoB1516-1; GeoB1517-1; GeoB1518-1; GeoB1519-2; GeoB1520-1; GeoB1521-2; GeoB1522-1; GeoB1523-2; GeoB1601-6; GeoB1613-1; GeoB1701-1; GeoB1702-6; GeoB1703-5; GeoB1704-1; GeoB1705-2; GeoB1706-1; GeoB1707-2; GeoB1709-3; GeoB1710-2; GeoB1711-5; GeoB1712-2; GeoB1713-6; GeoB1714-1; GeoB1715-1; GeoB1716-2; GeoB1717-2; GeoB1718-1; GeoB1719-5; GeoB1720-4; GeoB1721-4; GeoB1722-3; GeoB1724-3; GeoB1725-1; GeoB1726-1; GeoB1726-2; GeoB1728-3; GeoB1729-1; GeoB1901-1; GeoB1902-3; GeoB1903-1; GeoB1904-1; GeoB1905-1; GeoB1906-1; GeoB1907-1; GeoB1908-1; GeoB2002-2; GeoB2004-1; GeoB2007-1; GeoB2008-1; GeoB2009-1; GeoB2010-1; GeoB2011-1; GeoB2016-3; GeoB2018-1; GeoB2019-2; GeoB2021-4; GeoB2022-3; GeoB2101-1; GeoB2102-1; GeoB2104-1; GeoB2105-3; GeoB2106-1; GeoB2107-5; GeoB2108-1; GeoB2109-3; GeoB2110-1; GeoB2111-2; GeoB2112-1; GeoB2113-1; GeoB2116-2; GeoB2117-4; GeoB2118-1; GeoB2119-2; GeoB2120-1; GeoB2121-1; GeoB2122-1; GeoB2123-1; GeoB2124-1; GeoB2125-2; GeoB2126-1; GeoB2127-1; GeoB2128-1; GeoB2130-1; GeoB2201-1; GeoB2202-5; GeoB2204-1; GeoB2205-4; GeoB2206-1; GeoB2207-2; GeoB2208-1; GeoB2212-1; GeoB2213-1; GeoB2214-2; GeoB2215-8; GeoB2216-2; GeoB2701-2; GeoB2703-6; GeoB2704-1; GeoB2705-7; GeoB2706-6; GeoB2708-5; GeoB2712-1; GeoB2714-5; GeoB2715-1; GeoB2717-8; GeoB2718-1; GeoB2719-1; GeoB2721-2; GeoB2722-1; GeoB2722-2; GeoB2723-1; GeoB2724-6; GeoB2725-1; GeoB2726-3; GeoB2727-1; GeoB2729-1; GeoB2730-1; GeoB2731-1; GeoB2801-1; GeoB2802-1; GeoB2803-1; GeoB2804-2; GeoB2805-1; GeoB2806-6; GeoB2808-3; GeoB2809-2; GeoB2810-2; GeoB2811-1; GeoB2813-1; GeoB2814-3; GeoB2817-3; GeoB2822-3; GeoB2824-1; GeoB2825-3; GeoB2826-1; GeoB2828-1; GeoB2829-3; GeoB2903-1; GeoB2904-11; GeoB2905-1; GeoB2906-3; GeoB2907-1; GeoB2908-8; GeoB2909-1; GeoB2911-2; GeoB2912-1; Giant box corer; GIK17836-1; GIK17843-1; GIK17851-1; GIK17862-1; GIK17866-1; GIK17884-1; GIK17912-1; GKG; Gould Bay; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Greenland Slope; GS-051; GS-053; GS-060; GS-061; GS-073; GS-074; GS-076; GS-083; GS-103; GS-105; GS-136; GS-139; GS-140; GS-142; GS-152; Guinea Basin; Halley Bay; Hope Bay; Hunter Channel; Indian-Antarctic Ridge; Islas Orcadas; Kapp Norvegia; King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula; KL; Kongo delta; Lazarev Sea; Lyddan Island; M12/1; M15/2; M16/1; M16/2; M20/1; M20/2; M23/1; M23/2; M23/3; M29/1; M29/2; M29/3; M6/6; M9/4; Maud Rise; Meteor (1986); Meteor Rise; MG; MIC; Mid Atlantic Ridge; MiniCorer; Mooring (long time); MOORY; MSN; MUC; Multiboxcorer; MultiCorer; Multiple opening/closing net; Namibia Continental Margin; Namibia continental slope; Northern Brasil-Basin; Northern Guinea Basin; Nuevo Alcocero; off Cape Blanc; off Gran Canaria; off Kunene; ORC-301; ORC-312; ORC-313; ORC-329; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Piston corer (BGR type); PLA; Plankton net; Polarstern; Polarstern Kuppe; PS01; PS01/154; PS01/155; PS01/156; PS01/161; PS01/162; PS01/168; PS01/177; PS01/184; PS01/186; PS01/189; PS04; PS04/225; PS04/254; PS04/257; PS04/260; PS04/262; PS04/266; PS04/271; PS04/273; PS04/318; PS04/334; PS04/335; PS04/340; PS04/346; PS04/351; PS04/357; PS04/367; PS04/370; PS04/380; PS04/382; PS04/389; PS04/414; PS04/423; PS04/429; PS04/433; PS04/440; PS04/447; PS04/449; PS04/472; PS04/477; PS04/481; PS04/484; PS04/495; PS04/500; PS04/508; PS04/509; PS04/540; PS06/288; PS06/289; PS06/301; PS06/302; PS06/303; PS06/304; PS06/306; PS06/311; PS06/313; PS06 SIBEX; PS08; PS08/284; PS08/289; PS08/321; PS08/324; PS08/327; PS08/333; PS08/335; PS08/336; PS08/338; PS08/340; PS08/344; PS08/345; PS08/346; PS08/347; PS08/350; PS08/353; PS08/354; PS08/355; PS08/356; PS08/357; PS08/358; PS08/359; PS08/360; PS08/361; PS08/364; PS08/365; PS08/366; PS08/367; PS08/368; PS08/369; PS08/374; PS08/375; PS08/379; PS08/380; PS08/381; PS08/382; PS08/384; PS08/385; PS08/386; PS08/387; PS08/394; PS08/396; PS08/401; PS08/402; PS08/410; PS08/428; PS08/430; PS08/432; PS08/438; PS08/439; PS08/440; PS08/442; PS08/445; PS08/449; PS08/450; PS08/452; PS08/480; PS08/481; PS08/482; PS08/483; PS08/504; PS08/507; PS08/509; PS08/529; PS08/533; PS08/564; PS08/585; PS08/601; PS08/607; PS08/610; PS08/621; PS08/627; PS10; PS10/668; PS10/672; PS10/673; PS10/675; PS10/678; PS10/682; PS10/684; PS10/686; PS10/688; PS10/690; PS10/694; PS10/697; PS10/699; PS10/701; PS10/703; PS10/707; PS10/711; PS10/719; PS10/725; PS10/738; PS10/740; PS10/748; PS10/757; PS10/760; PS10/762; PS10/766; PS10/768; PS10/778; PS10/782; PS10/784; PS10/794; PS10/804; PS10/809; PS10/813; PS10/816; PS10/818; PS10/820; PS10/824; PS1010-1; PS1011-1; PS1012-1; PS1013-1; PS1014-1; PS1015-1; PS1016-1; PS1017-1; PS1018-1; PS1019-1; PS1138-8; PS1167-5; PS1170-4; PS1173-6; PS1175-1; PS1179-1; PS1184-6; PS1186-3; PS1194-1; PS1196-1; PS1197-1; PS1198-1; PS1199-1; PS12; PS12/116; PS12/117; PS12/119; PS12/122; PS12/127; PS12/128; PS12/129; PS12/130; PS12/132; PS12/133; PS12/185; PS12/186; PS12/193; PS12/194; PS12/195; PS12/196; PS12/199; PS12/200; PS12/238; PS12/242; PS12/244; PS12/247; PS12/248; PS12/250; PS12/252; PS12/260; PS12/266; PS12/271; PS12/273+276; PS12/280; PS12/284; PS12/287; PS12/289; PS12/291; PS12/298; PS12/300; PS12/302; PS12/305; PS12/308; PS12/310; PS12/312; PS12/314; PS12/316; PS12/319; PS12/321; PS12/323; PS12/325; PS12/327; PS12/333; PS12/336; PS12/338; PS12/340; PS12/342; PS12/344; PS12/346; PS12/348; PS12/350; PS12/352; PS12/354; PS12/356; PS12/358; PS12/360; PS12/364; PS12/366; PS12/368; PS12/372; PS12/374; PS12/376; PS12/378; PS12/380; PS12/382; PS12/384; PS12/387; PS12/396; PS12/418; PS12/437; PS12/458; PS12/465; PS12/472; PS12/486; PS12/490; PS12/492; PS12/503; PS12/504; PS12/510; PS12/526; PS12/534; PS12/536; PS12/545; PS12/551; PS12/553; PS12/555; PS12/557; PS1200-4; PS1201-1; PS1202-1; PS1203-1; PS1204-1; PS1205-1; PS1206-1; PS1207-1; PS1208-1; PS1209-1; PS1210-1; PS1211-1; PS1212-1; PS1213-1; PS1214-1; PS1215-2; PS1216-1; PS1217-1; PS1219-1; PS1220-3; PS1222-1; PS1223-1; PS1225-2; PS1272-1; PS1273-1; PS1275-1; PS1276-1; PS1277-1; PS1278-1; PS1279-1; PS1281-1; PS1282-1; PS1333-2; PS1338-1; PS1363-3; PS1364-1; PS1366-2; PS1367-1; PS1368-1; PS1369-1; PS1370-1; PS1371-1; PS1372-2; PS1373-2; PS1374-2; PS1375-2; PS1376-2; PS1377-1; PS1378-1; PS1379-1; PS1380-1; PS1381-1; PS1382-1; PS1383-1; PS1384-1; PS1385-1; PS1386-1; PS1387-1; PS1388-1; PS1389-1; PS1390-1; PS1391-1; PS1394-1; PS1394-3; PS1395-1; PS1396-1; PS1397-1; PS1398-2; PS1399-1; PS1400-1; PS1400-4; PS1401-1; PS1401-2; PS1402-1; PS1402-2; PS1403-1; PS1405-1; PS1406-1; PS1410-1; PS1411-1; PS1412-1; PS1414-1; PS1415-1; PS1416-1; PS1417-1; PS1418-1; PS1419-1; PS1420-1; PS1421-1; PS1422-1; PS1423-1; PS1424-1; PS1425-1; PS1426-1; PS1427-1; PS1428-1; PS1433-1; PS1435-1; PS1436-1; PS1442-1; PS1444-1; PS1451-1; PS1451-2; PS1452-1; PS1453-1; PS1454-1; PS1455-4; PS1459-1; PS1459-4; PS1460-1; PS1471-1; PS1472-4; PS1473-1; PS1474-1; PS1475-1; PS1476-1; PS1477-1; PS1478-1; PS1479-1; PS1480-2; PS1481-2; PS1482-2; PS1483-2; PS1484-2; PS1485-1; PS1486-2; PS1487-1; PS1488-2; PS1489-3; PS1490-2; PS1491-3; PS1492-1; PS1493-2; PS1494-2; PS1495-1; PS1496-2; PS1497-1; PS1498-1; PS1499-2; PS1500-2; PS1501-1; PS1502-1; PS1503-1; PS1505-1; PS1506-1; PS1507-2; PS1508-2; PS1509-2; PS1537-2; PS1538-1; PS1539-1; PS1540-1; PS1542-1; PS1543-1; PS1544-1; PS1545-1; PS1546-2; PS1547-1; PS1554-1; PS1555-1; PS1557-1; PS1558-1; PS1559-1; PS1560-1; PS1563-1; PS1564-1; PS1569-1; PS1572-1; PS1573-2; PS1574-1; PS1575-2; PS1576-1; PS1577-2; PS1578-1; PS1579-1; PS1581-2; PS1582-1; PS1584-2; PS1585-1; PS1586-2; PS1587-1; PS1588-2; PS1588-3; PS1589-1; PS1590-1; PS1591-2; PS1593-1; PS1594-1; PS1595-2; PS1596-1; PS1597-1; PS1598-2; PS1599-1; PS16; PS16/262; PS16/267; PS16/271; PS16/278; PS16/281; PS16/284; PS16/294; PS16/303; PS16/306; PS16/311; PS16/316; PS16/321; PS16/323; PS16/329; PS16/334; PS16/337; PS16/342; PS16/345; PS16/351; PS16/354; PS16/362; PS16/366; PS16/372; PS16/403; PS16/405; PS16/410; PS16/413; PS16/415; PS16/417; PS16/419; PS16/425; PS16/427; PS16/430; PS16/432; PS16/446; PS16/472; PS16/499; PS16/507; PS16/509; PS16/510; PS16/515; PS16/516; PS16/518; PS16/525; PS16/526; PS16/528; PS16/530; PS16/534; PS16/536; PS16/540; PS16/541; PS16/547; PS16/549; PS16/552; PS16/554; PS16/557; PS1600-2; PS1601-1; PS1602-1; PS1603-1; PS1603-2; PS1604-1; PS1605-3; PS1606-1; PS1607-1; PS1608-1; PS1609-2; PS1610-3; PS1610-4; PS1611-2; PS1612-1; PS1613-2; PS1614-1; PS1615-2; PS1616-1; PS1617-2; PS1618-2; PS1619-1; PS1620-2; PS1621-2; PS1622-1; PS1623-2; PS1624-1; PS1625-1; PS1626-1; PS1627-1; PS1628-2; PS1629-1; PS1631-1; PS1632-1; PS1635-2; PS1636-1; PS1637-2; PS1638-1; PS1639-1; PS1640-3; PS1641-1; PS1642-1; PS1643-3; PS1645-1; PS1647-2; PS1648-2; PS1649-1; PS1651-2; PS1652-1; PS1653-2; PS1654-1; PS1750-7; PS1751-2; PS1752-5; PS1754-1; PS1754-2; PS1755-1; PS1756-6; PS1759-1; PS1764-2; PS1765-1; PS1768-1; PS1771-4; PS1772-6; PS1773-2; PS1774-1; PS1775-5; PS1776-6; PS1777-7; PS1778-1; PS1779-3; PS1780-1; PS1782-6; PS1783-1; PS1786-2; PS1787-1; PS1788-1; PS1790-2; PS1791-1; PS1792-2; PS1793-1; PS1794-2; PS1795-1; PS1796-2; PS1797-1; PS1798-2; PS18; PS18/044; PS18/048; PS18/055; PS18/056; PS18/058; PS18/059; PS18/063; PS18/065; PS18/067; PS18/075; PS18/080; PS18/081; PS18/082; PS18/083; PS18/084; PS18/086; PS18/088; PS18/092; PS18/094; PS18/096; PS18/100; PS18/101; PS18/102; PS18/106; PS18/108; PS18/114; PS18/118; PS18/126; PS18/127; PS18/129; PS18/135; PS18/141; PS18/142; PS18/143; PS18/144; PS18/145; PS18/146; PS18/147; PS18/148; PS18/149; PS18/150; PS18/151; PS18/152; PS18/153; PS18/154; PS18/161; PS18/165; PS18/166; PS18/167; PS18/169; PS18/170; PS18/171; PS18/172; PS18/173; PS18/175; PS18/177; PS18/178; PS18/179; PS18/180; PS18/181; PS18/182; PS18/183; PS18/184; PS18/185; PS18/186; PS18/187; PS18/189; PS18/190; PS18/191; PS18/192; PS18/193; PS18/194; PS18/196; PS18/198; PS18/199; PS18/200; PS18/201; PS18/202; PS18/203; PS18/204; PS18/208; PS18/210; PS18/211; PS18/212; PS18/214; PS18/216; PS18/217; PS18/218; PS18/219; PS18/221; PS18/222; PS18/227; PS18/229; PS18/231; PS18/232; PS18/236; PS18/237; PS18/238; PS18/239; PS18/241; PS18/242; PS18/243; PS18/244; PS18/249; PS18/250; PS18/251; PS18/252; PS18/253; PS18/254; PS18/255; PS18/256; PS18/257; PS18/260; PS18/261; PS18/262; PS18/263; PS18/264; PS18/266; PS18/267; PS18/269; PS1800-2; PS1802-2; PS1803-2; PS1805-5; PS1806-5; PS18 06AQANTIX_2; PS1807-1; PS1811-7; PS1812-5; PS1813-5; PS1817-5; PS1818-1; PS1819-5; PS1820-5; PS1821-5; PS1822-1; PS1823-1; PS1824-2; PS1825-5; PS1826-2; PS1828-2; PS1829-1; PS1831-5; PS1953-1; PS1954-1; PS1957-1; PS1958-1; PS1960-1; PS1961-1; PS1963-1; PS1964-1; PS1965-1; PS1967-1; PS1969-1; PS1970-1; PS1971-1; PS1972-1; PS1973-1; PS1974-1; PS1975-1; PS1977-1; PS1978-1; PS1979-1; PS1981-1; PS1982-1; PS1983-1; PS1985-1; PS1986-1; PS1987-1; PS1988-1; PS1990-3; PS1995-1; PS1997-2; PS1998-1; PS1999-1; PS20; PS20/186; PS20/187; PS20/195; PS20/208; PS20/213; PS20/217; PS20/219; PS20/221; PS20/222; PS20/223; PS2000-1; PS2001-1; PS2002-1; PS2003-4; PS2004-3; PS2005-2; PS2006-1; PS2007-2; PS2008-2; PS2009-1; PS2010-1; PS2011-1; PS2012-1; PS2015-1; PS2018-1; PS2019-2; PS2020-1; PS2022-2; PS2022-4; PS2023-1; PS2024-1; PS2024-3; PS2025-1; PS2026-2; PS2028-1; PS2028-4; PS2030-1; PS2031-1; PS2032-2; PS2033-3; PS2034-3; PS2035-2; PS2036-1; PS2037-2; PS2038-3; PS2039-2; PS2040-1; PS2042-2; PS2042-3; PS2043-2; PS2044-2; PS2045-2; PS2046-2; PS2047-2; PS2049-2; PS2050-2; PS2051-3; PS2052-3; PS2053-1; PS2054-2; PS2055-3; PS2056-2; PS2057-2; PS2059-1; PS2060-1; PS2061-2; PS2061-3; PS2062-2; PS2063-1; PS2064-2; PS2065-1; PS2066-1; PS2067-1; PS2068-1; PS2072-2; PS2073-1; PS2075-3; PS2076-1; PS2080-1; PS2081-1; PS2082-3; PS2083-1; PS2084-2; PS2085-1; PS2086-3; PS2087-1; PS2091-1; PS2092-1; PS2093-1; PS2094-1; PS2095-1; PS2096-1; PS2097-1; PS2098-1; PS2099-1; PS2102-1; PS2103-2; PS2104-1; PS2105-2; PS2106-1; PS21 06AQANTX_4; PS2108-1; PS2109-3; PS2110-1; PS22; PS22/280; PS22/678; PS22/679; PS22/690; PS22/712; PS22/714; PS22/717; PS22/718; PS22/720; PS22/721; PS22/722; PS22/727; PS22/730; PS22/737; PS22/744; PS22/747; PS22/748; PS22/751; PS22/755; PS22/758; PS22/764; PS22/769; PS22/773; PS22/776; PS22/780; PS22/783; PS22/786; PS22/788; PS22/790; PS22/791; PS22/797; PS22/802; PS22/803; PS22/804; PS22/805; PS22/806; PS22/810; PS22/811; PS22/812; PS22/813; PS22/814; PS22/815; PS22/816; PS22/818; PS22/820; PS22/823; PS22/825; PS22/826; PS22/828; PS22/829; PS22/830; PS22/831; PS22/832; PS22/833; PS22/834; PS22/835; PS22/837; PS22/838; PS22/840; PS22/841; PS22/842; PS22/846; PS22/849; PS22/850; PS22/851; PS22/852; PS22/853; PS22/855; PS22/857; PS22/860; PS22/872; PS22/876; PS22/879; PS22/891; PS22/899; PS22/902; PS22/908; PS22/911; PS22/917; PS22/941; PS22/947; PS22/956; PS22/973; PS22 06AQANTX_5; PS2216-1; PS2217-2; PS2219-1; PS2223-1; PS2224-1; PS2225-1; PS2226-3; PS2227-1; PS2228-2; PS2229-1; PS2230-1; PS2231-1; PS2233-1; PS2234-1; PS2235-1; PS2237-1; PS2238-1; PS2239-1; PS2240-1; PS2241-1; PS2242-1; PS2243-1; PS2244-1; PS2245-1; PS2246-1; PS2247-1; PS2248-1; PS2250-6; PS2251-1; PS2254-1; PS2256-4; PS2257-1; PS2258-1; PS2259-1; PS2260-1; PS2261-1; PS2262-7; PS2263-1; PS2265-2; PS2266-1; PS2267-2; PS2268-6; PS2268-7; PS2269-1; PS2269-5; PS2270-5; PS2271-1; PS2272-1; PS2273-1; PS2273-2; PS2275-2; PS2276-2; PS2278-5; PS2280-1; PS2283-3; PS2283-6; PS2285-3; PS2288-1; PS2290-1; PS2292-1; PS2293-1; PS2299-1; PS2299-2; PS2302-2; PS2304-2; PS2305-1; PS2306-1; PS2307-2; PS2308-1; PS2312-1; PS2313-1; PS2314-1; PS2315-1; PS2316-1; PS2317-1; PS2318-1; PS2320-2; PS2322-2; PS2325-1; PS2327-1; PS2328-1; PS2329-1; PS2330-1; PS2331-1; PS2332-2; PS2333-1; PS2334-1; PS2335-3; PS2336-1; PS2338-1; PS2339-1; PS2341-1; PS2342-1; PS2343-1; PS2347-1; PS2350-1; PS2351-1; PS2352-1; PS2353-2; PS2354-1; PS2355-1; PS2356-1; PS2357-2; PS2361-1; PS2362-1; PS2363-1; PS2365-2; PS2366-1; PS2367-1; PS2368-4; PS2369-4; PS2370-4; PS2371-1; PS2372-1; PS2374-2; PS2376-2; PS2487-2; PS2488-1; PS2489-4; PS2489-7; PS2491-4; PS2492-1; PS2493-3; PS2494-1; PS2498-2; PS2499-1; PS2500-7; PS2501-4; PS2502-1; PS2503-1; PS2505-2; PS2506-1; PS2507-1; PS2508-1; PS2509-2; PS2510-1; PS2511-1; PS2511-3; PS2512-1; PS2513-1; PS2514-3; PS2515-2; PS2516-1; PS2517-5; PS2518-1; PS2518-2; PS2519-1; PS2520-1; PS2557-2; PS2577-2; PS2578-3; PS2579-4; PS2585-1; PS2586-1; PS2589-2; PS2600-2; PS2602-3; PS2604-4; PS2605-1; PS2606-3; PS2610-2; PS2611-3; PS2657-1; PS2659-2; PS2661-4; PS2663-4; PS2664-4; PS2667-3; PS2668-1; PS2675-4; PS2676-1; PS2677-4; PS2678-2; PS2679-1; PS2680-4; PS2684-1; PS2686-2; PS2687-5; PS2688-4; PS2690-1; PS2691-1; PS2692-1; PS2694-1; PS2695-1; PS2696-1; PS2697-1; PS2699-5; PS2700-5; PS2701-2; PS2703-2; PS2714-6; PS2715-3; PS2716-2; PS28; PS28/236; PS28/243; PS28/256; PS28/264; PS28/277; PS28/280; PS28/289; PS28/304; PS28/314; PS28/316; PS28/329; PS28/334; PS28/337; PS28/342; PS28/345; PS28/347; PS28/350; PS28/352; PS28/358; PS28/361; PS28/367; PS28/373; PS28/375; PS28/378; PS28/385; PS28/390; PS28/395; PS28/404; PS28/408; PS30; PS30/004; PS30/113; PS30/114; PS30/115; PS30/122; PS30/124; PS30/128; PS30/137; PS30/139; PS30/141; PS30/143; PS30/144; PS30/155; PS30/156; PS35/003; PS35/009; PS35/021; PS35/031; PS35/032; PS35/047; PS35/048; PS35/055; PS35/056; PS35/058; PS35/060; PS35/062; PS35/069; PS35/103; PS35/135; PS35/138; PS35/141; PS35/151; PS35/152; PS35/154; PS35/157; PS35/158; PS35/162; PS35/166; PS35/177; PS35/182; PS35/186; PS35/195; PS35/207b; PS35/210; PS35/218; PS35 06AQANTXII_4; Riiser-Larsen Sea; Rio Grande Rise; Romanche fracture zone; Santos Plateau; SBR-22; SBR-36; SBR-38; Scotia Sea, southwest Atlantic; Shona Ridge; SL; Slope off Argentina; SO84; Sonne; South African margin; South Atlantic Ocean; Southeast Pacific; Southern Ocean; South of Cape Verde Islands; South Orkney; South Sandwich; South Sandwich Basin; South Sandwich Islands; South Sandwich Trough; Southwest Guinea Basin; ST. HELENA HOTSPOT; ST-406; ST-451; ST-454; ST-469; ST-477; ST-479; ST-484; ST-498; ST-531; ST-532; ST-537; ST-538; ST-554; Uruguay continental margin; Van Heesen Ridge; van Veen Grab; Vestkapp; VGRAB; Walvis Ridge; Weddell Sea; Wegener Canyon; West Angola Basin; Western Equatorial Atlantic Surface samples, mostly from abyssal sediments of the South Atlantic, from parts of the equatorial Atlantic, and of the Antarctic Ocean, were investigated for clay content and clay mineral composition. Maps of relative clay mineral content were compiled, which improve previous maps by showing more details, especially at high latitudes. Large-scale relations regarding the origin and transport paths of detrital clay are revealed. High smectite concentrations are observed in abyssal regions, primarily derived from southernmost South America and from minor sources in Southwest Africa. Near submarine volcanoes of the Antarctic Ocean (South Sandwich, Bouvet Island) smectite contents exhibit distinct maxima, which is ascribed to the weathering of altered basalts and volcanic glasses. The illite distribution can be subdivided into five major zones including two maxima revealing both South African and Antarctic sources. A particularly high amount of Mg- and Fe-rich illites are observed close to East Antarctica. They are derived from biotite-bearing crystalline rocks and transported to the west by the East Antarctic Coastal Current. Chiorite and well-crystallized dioctaedral illite are typical minerals enriched within the Subantarctic and Polarfrontal-Zone but of minor importance off East Antarctica. Kaolinite dominates the clay mineral assemblage at low latitudes, where the continental source rocks (West Africa, Brazil) are mainly affected by intensive chemical weathering. Surprisingly, a slight increase of kaolinite is observed in the Enderby Basin and near the Filchner-Ronne Ice shelf. The investigated area can be subdivided into ten, large-scale clay facies zones with characteristic possible source regions and transport paths. Clay mineral assemblages of the largest part of the South Atlantic, especially of the western basins are dominated by chlorite and illite derived from the Antarctic Peninsula and southernmost South America and supported by advection within the Circumantarctic Deep Water flow. In contrast, the East Antarctic provinces are relatively small. Assemblages of the eastern basins north of 30°S are strongly influenced by African sources, controlled by weathering regimes on land and by a complex interaction of wind, river and deep ocean transport. The strong gradient in clay mineral composition at the Brazilian slope indicate a relatively low contribution of tropically derived assemblages to the western basins. |
| title | Clay mineralogy of South Atlantic surface sediments |
| topic | 06MT15_2; Adelaide Island; Agulhas Basin; Agulhas Ridge; Amazon Fan; Angola Basin; Antarctic Peninsula; ANTARTIDA8611; ANT-I/2; ANT-II/3; ANT-II/4; ANT-III/3; ANT-IV/2; ANT-IV/3; ANT-IV/4; ANT-IX/2; ANT-IX/3; ANT-IX/4; ANT-V/4; ANT-VI/2; ANT-VI/3; ANT-VIII/3; ANT-VIII/5; ANT-VIII/6; ANT-X/2; ANT-X/4; ANT-X/5; ANT-X/6; ANT-XI/2; ANT-XI/4; ANT-XII/4; Anvers Island; Argentine Basin; Argentine Islands; Astrid Ridge; Atka Bay; Atlantic Indik Ridge; Atlantic Ridge; AWI_Paleo; Barents Sea; BC; Box corer; Bransfield Strait; Brazil Basin; Camp Norway; Cape Basin; Cape Blanc; Cape Fiske; Congo Fan; Conrad Rise; Cosmonauts Sea; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; D-DCP-1; D-EL-1; DGS-13; DGS-14; DGS-15; DGS-16; DGS-18; Discovery Seamount; D-ORC-013; D-ORC-015; D-ORC-017; D-ORC-023; D-ORC-024; D-ORC-025; D-PA-1; Drake Passage; Dredge; DRG; D-ST-1B; D-ST-2; D-ST-3; D-ST-4; East Brazil Basin; Eastern Rio Grande Rise; Eastern Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean; EL-443; EL-444; EL-445; EL-446; EL-447; EL-448; EL-449; Equatorial Atlantic; Falkland Islands; Filchner Shelf; Filchner Trough; Fram Strait; GeoB1000-1; GeoB1000-2; GeoB1001-1; GeoB1001-2; GeoB1004-2; GeoB1004-3; GeoB1005-2; GeoB1005-3; GeoB1006-2; GeoB1006-3; GeoB1007-2; GeoB1007-3; GeoB1008-6; GeoB1010-3; GeoB1011-2; GeoB1012-1; GeoB1012-2; GeoB1013-2; GeoB1013-3; GeoB1014-2; GeoB1015-2; GeoB1016-2; GeoB1019-2; GeoB1019-3; GeoB1020-1; GeoB1021-3; GeoB1022-2; GeoB1022-3; GeoB1023-2; GeoB1024-3; GeoB1025-2; GeoB1026-3; GeoB1027-2; GeoB1028-4; GeoB1029-1; GeoB1031-1; GeoB1032-2; GeoB1033-3; GeoB1034-1; GeoB1035-3; GeoB1036-3; GeoB1037-1; GeoB1037-2; GeoB1039-1; GeoB1040-3; GeoB1041-1; GeoB1043-2; GeoB1044-3; GeoB1046-2; GeoB1048-2; GeoB1101-4; GeoB1102-3; GeoB1103-3; GeoB1104-5; GeoB1105-3; GeoB1106-5; GeoB1108-6; GeoB1109-4; GeoB1110-3; GeoB1111-5; GeoB1112-3; GeoB1113-7; GeoB1114-3; GeoB1115-4; GeoB1116-1; GeoB1117-3; GeoB1118-2; GeoB1119-2; GeoB1120-3; GeoB1121-1; GeoB1122-2; GeoB1203-2; GeoB1204-3; GeoB1205-2; GeoB1206-1; GeoB1207-2; GeoB1208-1; GeoB1209-1; GeoB1210-3; GeoB1211-1; GeoB1212-2; GeoB1213-2; GeoB1215-1; GeoB1216-2; GeoB1217-1; GeoB1218-1; GeoB1220-2; GeoB1306-1; GeoB1307-2; GeoB1308-1; GeoB1309-3; GeoB1310-1; GeoB1313-1; GeoB1314-1; GeoB1401-1; GeoB1403-2; GeoB1405-7; GeoB1407-7; GeoB1413-2; GeoB1414-2; GeoB1415-1; GeoB1417-2; GeoB1418-1; GeoB1419-1; GeoB1420-1; GeoB1421-1; GeoB1501-3; GeoB1503-2; GeoB1504-1; GeoB1505-3; GeoB1506-1; GeoB1508-1; GeoB1509-2; GeoB1510-1; GeoB1511-6; GeoB1512-2; GeoB1513-2; GeoB1514-4; GeoB1515-2; GeoB1516-1; GeoB1517-1; GeoB1518-1; GeoB1519-2; GeoB1520-1; GeoB1521-2; GeoB1522-1; GeoB1523-2; GeoB1601-6; GeoB1613-1; GeoB1701-1; GeoB1702-6; GeoB1703-5; GeoB1704-1; GeoB1705-2; GeoB1706-1; GeoB1707-2; GeoB1709-3; GeoB1710-2; GeoB1711-5; GeoB1712-2; GeoB1713-6; GeoB1714-1; GeoB1715-1; GeoB1716-2; GeoB1717-2; GeoB1718-1; GeoB1719-5; GeoB1720-4; GeoB1721-4; GeoB1722-3; GeoB1724-3; GeoB1725-1; GeoB1726-1; GeoB1726-2; GeoB1728-3; GeoB1729-1; GeoB1901-1; GeoB1902-3; GeoB1903-1; GeoB1904-1; GeoB1905-1; GeoB1906-1; GeoB1907-1; GeoB1908-1; GeoB2002-2; GeoB2004-1; GeoB2007-1; GeoB2008-1; GeoB2009-1; GeoB2010-1; GeoB2011-1; GeoB2016-3; GeoB2018-1; GeoB2019-2; GeoB2021-4; GeoB2022-3; GeoB2101-1; GeoB2102-1; GeoB2104-1; GeoB2105-3; GeoB2106-1; GeoB2107-5; GeoB2108-1; GeoB2109-3; GeoB2110-1; GeoB2111-2; GeoB2112-1; GeoB2113-1; GeoB2116-2; GeoB2117-4; GeoB2118-1; GeoB2119-2; GeoB2120-1; GeoB2121-1; GeoB2122-1; GeoB2123-1; GeoB2124-1; GeoB2125-2; GeoB2126-1; GeoB2127-1; GeoB2128-1; GeoB2130-1; GeoB2201-1; GeoB2202-5; GeoB2204-1; GeoB2205-4; GeoB2206-1; GeoB2207-2; GeoB2208-1; GeoB2212-1; GeoB2213-1; GeoB2214-2; GeoB2215-8; GeoB2216-2; GeoB2701-2; GeoB2703-6; GeoB2704-1; GeoB2705-7; GeoB2706-6; GeoB2708-5; GeoB2712-1; GeoB2714-5; GeoB2715-1; GeoB2717-8; GeoB2718-1; GeoB2719-1; GeoB2721-2; GeoB2722-1; GeoB2722-2; GeoB2723-1; GeoB2724-6; GeoB2725-1; GeoB2726-3; GeoB2727-1; GeoB2729-1; GeoB2730-1; GeoB2731-1; GeoB2801-1; GeoB2802-1; GeoB2803-1; GeoB2804-2; GeoB2805-1; GeoB2806-6; GeoB2808-3; GeoB2809-2; GeoB2810-2; GeoB2811-1; GeoB2813-1; GeoB2814-3; GeoB2817-3; GeoB2822-3; GeoB2824-1; GeoB2825-3; GeoB2826-1; GeoB2828-1; GeoB2829-3; GeoB2903-1; GeoB2904-11; GeoB2905-1; GeoB2906-3; GeoB2907-1; GeoB2908-8; GeoB2909-1; GeoB2911-2; GeoB2912-1; Giant box corer; GIK17836-1; GIK17843-1; GIK17851-1; GIK17862-1; GIK17866-1; GIK17884-1; GIK17912-1; GKG; Gould Bay; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Greenland Slope; GS-051; GS-053; GS-060; GS-061; GS-073; GS-074; GS-076; GS-083; GS-103; GS-105; GS-136; GS-139; GS-140; GS-142; GS-152; Guinea Basin; Halley Bay; Hope Bay; Hunter Channel; Indian-Antarctic Ridge; Islas Orcadas; Kapp Norvegia; King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula; KL; Kongo delta; Lazarev Sea; Lyddan Island; M12/1; M15/2; M16/1; M16/2; M20/1; M20/2; M23/1; M23/2; M23/3; M29/1; M29/2; M29/3; M6/6; M9/4; Maud Rise; Meteor (1986); Meteor Rise; MG; MIC; Mid Atlantic Ridge; MiniCorer; Mooring (long time); MOORY; MSN; MUC; Multiboxcorer; MultiCorer; Multiple opening/closing net; Namibia Continental Margin; Namibia continental slope; Northern Brasil-Basin; Northern Guinea Basin; Nuevo Alcocero; off Cape Blanc; off Gran Canaria; off Kunene; ORC-301; ORC-312; ORC-313; ORC-329; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Piston corer (BGR type); PLA; Plankton net; Polarstern; Polarstern Kuppe; PS01; PS01/154; PS01/155; PS01/156; PS01/161; PS01/162; PS01/168; PS01/177; PS01/184; PS01/186; PS01/189; PS04; PS04/225; PS04/254; PS04/257; PS04/260; PS04/262; PS04/266; PS04/271; PS04/273; PS04/318; PS04/334; PS04/335; PS04/340; PS04/346; PS04/351; PS04/357; PS04/367; PS04/370; PS04/380; PS04/382; PS04/389; PS04/414; PS04/423; PS04/429; PS04/433; PS04/440; PS04/447; PS04/449; PS04/472; PS04/477; PS04/481; PS04/484; PS04/495; PS04/500; PS04/508; PS04/509; PS04/540; PS06/288; PS06/289; PS06/301; PS06/302; PS06/303; PS06/304; PS06/306; PS06/311; PS06/313; PS06 SIBEX; PS08; PS08/284; PS08/289; PS08/321; PS08/324; PS08/327; PS08/333; PS08/335; PS08/336; PS08/338; PS08/340; PS08/344; PS08/345; PS08/346; PS08/347; PS08/350; PS08/353; PS08/354; PS08/355; PS08/356; PS08/357; PS08/358; PS08/359; PS08/360; PS08/361; PS08/364; PS08/365; PS08/366; PS08/367; PS08/368; PS08/369; PS08/374; PS08/375; PS08/379; PS08/380; PS08/381; PS08/382; PS08/384; PS08/385; PS08/386; PS08/387; PS08/394; PS08/396; PS08/401; PS08/402; PS08/410; PS08/428; PS08/430; PS08/432; PS08/438; PS08/439; PS08/440; PS08/442; PS08/445; PS08/449; PS08/450; PS08/452; PS08/480; PS08/481; PS08/482; PS08/483; PS08/504; PS08/507; PS08/509; PS08/529; PS08/533; PS08/564; PS08/585; PS08/601; PS08/607; PS08/610; PS08/621; PS08/627; PS10; PS10/668; PS10/672; PS10/673; PS10/675; PS10/678; PS10/682; PS10/684; PS10/686; PS10/688; PS10/690; PS10/694; PS10/697; PS10/699; PS10/701; PS10/703; PS10/707; PS10/711; PS10/719; PS10/725; PS10/738; PS10/740; PS10/748; PS10/757; PS10/760; PS10/762; PS10/766; PS10/768; PS10/778; PS10/782; PS10/784; PS10/794; PS10/804; PS10/809; PS10/813; PS10/816; PS10/818; PS10/820; PS10/824; PS1010-1; PS1011-1; PS1012-1; PS1013-1; PS1014-1; PS1015-1; PS1016-1; PS1017-1; PS1018-1; PS1019-1; PS1138-8; PS1167-5; PS1170-4; PS1173-6; PS1175-1; PS1179-1; PS1184-6; PS1186-3; PS1194-1; PS1196-1; PS1197-1; PS1198-1; PS1199-1; PS12; PS12/116; PS12/117; PS12/119; PS12/122; PS12/127; PS12/128; PS12/129; PS12/130; PS12/132; PS12/133; PS12/185; PS12/186; PS12/193; PS12/194; PS12/195; PS12/196; PS12/199; PS12/200; PS12/238; PS12/242; PS12/244; PS12/247; PS12/248; PS12/250; PS12/252; PS12/260; PS12/266; PS12/271; PS12/273+276; PS12/280; PS12/284; PS12/287; PS12/289; PS12/291; PS12/298; PS12/300; PS12/302; PS12/305; PS12/308; PS12/310; PS12/312; PS12/314; PS12/316; PS12/319; PS12/321; PS12/323; PS12/325; PS12/327; PS12/333; PS12/336; PS12/338; PS12/340; PS12/342; PS12/344; PS12/346; PS12/348; PS12/350; PS12/352; PS12/354; PS12/356; PS12/358; PS12/360; PS12/364; PS12/366; PS12/368; PS12/372; PS12/374; PS12/376; PS12/378; PS12/380; PS12/382; PS12/384; PS12/387; PS12/396; PS12/418; PS12/437; PS12/458; PS12/465; PS12/472; PS12/486; PS12/490; PS12/492; PS12/503; PS12/504; PS12/510; PS12/526; PS12/534; PS12/536; PS12/545; PS12/551; PS12/553; PS12/555; PS12/557; PS1200-4; PS1201-1; PS1202-1; PS1203-1; PS1204-1; PS1205-1; PS1206-1; PS1207-1; PS1208-1; PS1209-1; PS1210-1; PS1211-1; PS1212-1; PS1213-1; PS1214-1; PS1215-2; PS1216-1; PS1217-1; PS1219-1; PS1220-3; PS1222-1; PS1223-1; PS1225-2; PS1272-1; PS1273-1; PS1275-1; PS1276-1; PS1277-1; PS1278-1; PS1279-1; PS1281-1; PS1282-1; PS1333-2; PS1338-1; PS1363-3; PS1364-1; PS1366-2; PS1367-1; PS1368-1; PS1369-1; PS1370-1; PS1371-1; PS1372-2; PS1373-2; PS1374-2; PS1375-2; PS1376-2; PS1377-1; PS1378-1; PS1379-1; PS1380-1; PS1381-1; PS1382-1; PS1383-1; PS1384-1; PS1385-1; PS1386-1; PS1387-1; PS1388-1; PS1389-1; PS1390-1; PS1391-1; PS1394-1; PS1394-3; PS1395-1; PS1396-1; PS1397-1; PS1398-2; PS1399-1; PS1400-1; PS1400-4; PS1401-1; PS1401-2; PS1402-1; PS1402-2; PS1403-1; PS1405-1; PS1406-1; PS1410-1; PS1411-1; PS1412-1; PS1414-1; PS1415-1; PS1416-1; PS1417-1; PS1418-1; PS1419-1; PS1420-1; PS1421-1; PS1422-1; PS1423-1; PS1424-1; PS1425-1; PS1426-1; PS1427-1; PS1428-1; PS1433-1; PS1435-1; PS1436-1; PS1442-1; PS1444-1; PS1451-1; PS1451-2; PS1452-1; PS1453-1; PS1454-1; PS1455-4; PS1459-1; PS1459-4; PS1460-1; PS1471-1; PS1472-4; PS1473-1; PS1474-1; PS1475-1; PS1476-1; PS1477-1; PS1478-1; PS1479-1; PS1480-2; PS1481-2; PS1482-2; PS1483-2; PS1484-2; PS1485-1; PS1486-2; PS1487-1; PS1488-2; PS1489-3; PS1490-2; PS1491-3; PS1492-1; PS1493-2; PS1494-2; PS1495-1; PS1496-2; PS1497-1; PS1498-1; PS1499-2; PS1500-2; PS1501-1; PS1502-1; PS1503-1; PS1505-1; PS1506-1; PS1507-2; PS1508-2; PS1509-2; PS1537-2; PS1538-1; PS1539-1; PS1540-1; PS1542-1; PS1543-1; PS1544-1; PS1545-1; PS1546-2; PS1547-1; PS1554-1; PS1555-1; PS1557-1; PS1558-1; PS1559-1; PS1560-1; PS1563-1; PS1564-1; PS1569-1; PS1572-1; PS1573-2; PS1574-1; PS1575-2; PS1576-1; PS1577-2; PS1578-1; PS1579-1; PS1581-2; PS1582-1; PS1584-2; PS1585-1; PS1586-2; PS1587-1; PS1588-2; PS1588-3; PS1589-1; PS1590-1; PS1591-2; PS1593-1; PS1594-1; PS1595-2; PS1596-1; PS1597-1; PS1598-2; PS1599-1; PS16; PS16/262; PS16/267; PS16/271; PS16/278; PS16/281; PS16/284; PS16/294; PS16/303; PS16/306; PS16/311; PS16/316; PS16/321; PS16/323; PS16/329; PS16/334; PS16/337; PS16/342; PS16/345; PS16/351; PS16/354; PS16/362; PS16/366; PS16/372; PS16/403; PS16/405; PS16/410; PS16/413; PS16/415; PS16/417; PS16/419; PS16/425; PS16/427; PS16/430; PS16/432; PS16/446; PS16/472; PS16/499; PS16/507; PS16/509; PS16/510; PS16/515; PS16/516; PS16/518; PS16/525; PS16/526; PS16/528; PS16/530; PS16/534; PS16/536; PS16/540; PS16/541; PS16/547; PS16/549; PS16/552; PS16/554; PS16/557; PS1600-2; PS1601-1; PS1602-1; PS1603-1; PS1603-2; PS1604-1; PS1605-3; PS1606-1; PS1607-1; PS1608-1; PS1609-2; PS1610-3; PS1610-4; PS1611-2; PS1612-1; PS1613-2; PS1614-1; PS1615-2; PS1616-1; PS1617-2; PS1618-2; PS1619-1; PS1620-2; PS1621-2; PS1622-1; PS1623-2; PS1624-1; PS1625-1; PS1626-1; PS1627-1; PS1628-2; PS1629-1; PS1631-1; PS1632-1; PS1635-2; PS1636-1; PS1637-2; PS1638-1; PS1639-1; PS1640-3; PS1641-1; PS1642-1; PS1643-3; PS1645-1; PS1647-2; PS1648-2; PS1649-1; PS1651-2; PS1652-1; PS1653-2; PS1654-1; PS1750-7; PS1751-2; PS1752-5; PS1754-1; PS1754-2; PS1755-1; PS1756-6; PS1759-1; PS1764-2; PS1765-1; PS1768-1; PS1771-4; PS1772-6; PS1773-2; PS1774-1; PS1775-5; PS1776-6; PS1777-7; PS1778-1; PS1779-3; PS1780-1; PS1782-6; PS1783-1; PS1786-2; PS1787-1; PS1788-1; PS1790-2; PS1791-1; PS1792-2; PS1793-1; PS1794-2; PS1795-1; PS1796-2; PS1797-1; PS1798-2; PS18; PS18/044; PS18/048; PS18/055; PS18/056; PS18/058; PS18/059; PS18/063; PS18/065; PS18/067; PS18/075; PS18/080; PS18/081; PS18/082; PS18/083; PS18/084; PS18/086; PS18/088; PS18/092; PS18/094; PS18/096; PS18/100; PS18/101; PS18/102; PS18/106; PS18/108; PS18/114; PS18/118; PS18/126; PS18/127; PS18/129; PS18/135; PS18/141; PS18/142; PS18/143; PS18/144; PS18/145; PS18/146; PS18/147; PS18/148; PS18/149; PS18/150; PS18/151; PS18/152; PS18/153; PS18/154; PS18/161; PS18/165; PS18/166; PS18/167; PS18/169; PS18/170; PS18/171; PS18/172; PS18/173; PS18/175; PS18/177; PS18/178; PS18/179; PS18/180; PS18/181; PS18/182; PS18/183; PS18/184; PS18/185; PS18/186; PS18/187; PS18/189; PS18/190; PS18/191; PS18/192; PS18/193; PS18/194; PS18/196; PS18/198; PS18/199; PS18/200; PS18/201; PS18/202; PS18/203; PS18/204; PS18/208; PS18/210; PS18/211; PS18/212; PS18/214; PS18/216; PS18/217; PS18/218; PS18/219; PS18/221; PS18/222; PS18/227; PS18/229; PS18/231; PS18/232; PS18/236; PS18/237; PS18/238; PS18/239; PS18/241; PS18/242; PS18/243; PS18/244; PS18/249; PS18/250; PS18/251; PS18/252; PS18/253; PS18/254; PS18/255; PS18/256; PS18/257; PS18/260; PS18/261; PS18/262; PS18/263; PS18/264; PS18/266; PS18/267; PS18/269; PS1800-2; PS1802-2; PS1803-2; PS1805-5; PS1806-5; PS18 06AQANTIX_2; PS1807-1; PS1811-7; PS1812-5; PS1813-5; PS1817-5; PS1818-1; PS1819-5; PS1820-5; PS1821-5; PS1822-1; PS1823-1; PS1824-2; PS1825-5; PS1826-2; PS1828-2; PS1829-1; PS1831-5; PS1953-1; PS1954-1; PS1957-1; PS1958-1; PS1960-1; PS1961-1; PS1963-1; PS1964-1; PS1965-1; PS1967-1; PS1969-1; PS1970-1; PS1971-1; PS1972-1; PS1973-1; PS1974-1; PS1975-1; PS1977-1; PS1978-1; PS1979-1; PS1981-1; PS1982-1; PS1983-1; PS1985-1; PS1986-1; PS1987-1; PS1988-1; PS1990-3; PS1995-1; PS1997-2; PS1998-1; PS1999-1; PS20; PS20/186; PS20/187; PS20/195; PS20/208; PS20/213; PS20/217; PS20/219; PS20/221; PS20/222; PS20/223; PS2000-1; PS2001-1; PS2002-1; PS2003-4; PS2004-3; PS2005-2; PS2006-1; PS2007-2; PS2008-2; PS2009-1; PS2010-1; PS2011-1; PS2012-1; PS2015-1; PS2018-1; PS2019-2; PS2020-1; PS2022-2; PS2022-4; PS2023-1; PS2024-1; PS2024-3; PS2025-1; PS2026-2; PS2028-1; PS2028-4; PS2030-1; PS2031-1; PS2032-2; PS2033-3; PS2034-3; PS2035-2; PS2036-1; PS2037-2; PS2038-3; PS2039-2; PS2040-1; PS2042-2; PS2042-3; PS2043-2; PS2044-2; PS2045-2; PS2046-2; PS2047-2; PS2049-2; PS2050-2; PS2051-3; PS2052-3; PS2053-1; PS2054-2; PS2055-3; PS2056-2; PS2057-2; PS2059-1; PS2060-1; PS2061-2; PS2061-3; PS2062-2; PS2063-1; PS2064-2; PS2065-1; PS2066-1; PS2067-1; PS2068-1; PS2072-2; PS2073-1; PS2075-3; PS2076-1; PS2080-1; PS2081-1; PS2082-3; PS2083-1; PS2084-2; PS2085-1; PS2086-3; PS2087-1; PS2091-1; PS2092-1; PS2093-1; PS2094-1; PS2095-1; PS2096-1; PS2097-1; PS2098-1; PS2099-1; PS2102-1; PS2103-2; PS2104-1; PS2105-2; PS2106-1; PS21 06AQANTX_4; PS2108-1; PS2109-3; PS2110-1; PS22; PS22/280; PS22/678; PS22/679; PS22/690; PS22/712; PS22/714; PS22/717; PS22/718; PS22/720; PS22/721; PS22/722; PS22/727; PS22/730; PS22/737; PS22/744; PS22/747; PS22/748; PS22/751; PS22/755; PS22/758; PS22/764; PS22/769; PS22/773; PS22/776; PS22/780; PS22/783; PS22/786; PS22/788; PS22/790; PS22/791; PS22/797; PS22/802; PS22/803; PS22/804; PS22/805; PS22/806; PS22/810; PS22/811; PS22/812; PS22/813; PS22/814; PS22/815; PS22/816; PS22/818; PS22/820; PS22/823; PS22/825; PS22/826; PS22/828; PS22/829; PS22/830; PS22/831; PS22/832; PS22/833; PS22/834; PS22/835; PS22/837; PS22/838; PS22/840; PS22/841; PS22/842; PS22/846; PS22/849; PS22/850; PS22/851; PS22/852; PS22/853; PS22/855; PS22/857; PS22/860; PS22/872; PS22/876; PS22/879; PS22/891; PS22/899; PS22/902; PS22/908; PS22/911; PS22/917; PS22/941; PS22/947; PS22/956; PS22/973; PS22 06AQANTX_5; PS2216-1; PS2217-2; PS2219-1; PS2223-1; PS2224-1; PS2225-1; PS2226-3; PS2227-1; PS2228-2; PS2229-1; PS2230-1; PS2231-1; PS2233-1; PS2234-1; PS2235-1; PS2237-1; PS2238-1; PS2239-1; PS2240-1; PS2241-1; PS2242-1; PS2243-1; PS2244-1; PS2245-1; PS2246-1; PS2247-1; PS2248-1; PS2250-6; PS2251-1; PS2254-1; PS2256-4; PS2257-1; PS2258-1; PS2259-1; PS2260-1; PS2261-1; PS2262-7; PS2263-1; PS2265-2; PS2266-1; PS2267-2; PS2268-6; PS2268-7; PS2269-1; PS2269-5; PS2270-5; PS2271-1; PS2272-1; PS2273-1; PS2273-2; PS2275-2; PS2276-2; PS2278-5; PS2280-1; PS2283-3; PS2283-6; PS2285-3; PS2288-1; PS2290-1; PS2292-1; PS2293-1; PS2299-1; PS2299-2; PS2302-2; PS2304-2; PS2305-1; PS2306-1; PS2307-2; PS2308-1; PS2312-1; PS2313-1; PS2314-1; PS2315-1; PS2316-1; PS2317-1; PS2318-1; PS2320-2; PS2322-2; PS2325-1; PS2327-1; PS2328-1; PS2329-1; PS2330-1; PS2331-1; PS2332-2; PS2333-1; PS2334-1; PS2335-3; PS2336-1; PS2338-1; PS2339-1; PS2341-1; PS2342-1; PS2343-1; PS2347-1; PS2350-1; PS2351-1; PS2352-1; PS2353-2; PS2354-1; PS2355-1; PS2356-1; PS2357-2; PS2361-1; PS2362-1; PS2363-1; PS2365-2; PS2366-1; PS2367-1; PS2368-4; PS2369-4; PS2370-4; PS2371-1; PS2372-1; PS2374-2; PS2376-2; PS2487-2; PS2488-1; PS2489-4; PS2489-7; PS2491-4; PS2492-1; PS2493-3; PS2494-1; PS2498-2; PS2499-1; PS2500-7; PS2501-4; PS2502-1; PS2503-1; PS2505-2; PS2506-1; PS2507-1; PS2508-1; PS2509-2; PS2510-1; PS2511-1; PS2511-3; PS2512-1; PS2513-1; PS2514-3; PS2515-2; PS2516-1; PS2517-5; PS2518-1; PS2518-2; PS2519-1; PS2520-1; PS2557-2; PS2577-2; PS2578-3; PS2579-4; PS2585-1; PS2586-1; PS2589-2; PS2600-2; PS2602-3; PS2604-4; PS2605-1; PS2606-3; PS2610-2; PS2611-3; PS2657-1; PS2659-2; PS2661-4; PS2663-4; PS2664-4; PS2667-3; PS2668-1; PS2675-4; PS2676-1; PS2677-4; PS2678-2; PS2679-1; PS2680-4; PS2684-1; PS2686-2; PS2687-5; PS2688-4; PS2690-1; PS2691-1; PS2692-1; PS2694-1; PS2695-1; PS2696-1; PS2697-1; PS2699-5; PS2700-5; PS2701-2; PS2703-2; PS2714-6; PS2715-3; PS2716-2; PS28; PS28/236; PS28/243; PS28/256; PS28/264; PS28/277; PS28/280; PS28/289; PS28/304; PS28/314; PS28/316; PS28/329; PS28/334; PS28/337; PS28/342; PS28/345; PS28/347; PS28/350; PS28/352; PS28/358; PS28/361; PS28/367; PS28/373; PS28/375; PS28/378; PS28/385; PS28/390; PS28/395; PS28/404; PS28/408; PS30; PS30/004; PS30/113; PS30/114; PS30/115; PS30/122; PS30/124; PS30/128; PS30/137; PS30/139; PS30/141; PS30/143; PS30/144; PS30/155; PS30/156; PS35/003; PS35/009; PS35/021; PS35/031; PS35/032; PS35/047; PS35/048; PS35/055; PS35/056; PS35/058; PS35/060; PS35/062; PS35/069; PS35/103; PS35/135; PS35/138; PS35/141; PS35/151; PS35/152; PS35/154; PS35/157; PS35/158; PS35/162; PS35/166; PS35/177; PS35/182; PS35/186; PS35/195; PS35/207b; PS35/210; PS35/218; PS35 06AQANTXII_4; Riiser-Larsen Sea; Rio Grande Rise; Romanche fracture zone; Santos Plateau; SBR-22; SBR-36; SBR-38; Scotia Sea, southwest Atlantic; Shona Ridge; SL; Slope off Argentina; SO84; Sonne; South African margin; South Atlantic Ocean; Southeast Pacific; Southern Ocean; South of Cape Verde Islands; South Orkney; South Sandwich; South Sandwich Basin; South Sandwich Islands; South Sandwich Trough; Southwest Guinea Basin; ST. HELENA HOTSPOT; ST-406; ST-451; ST-454; ST-469; ST-477; ST-479; ST-484; ST-498; ST-531; ST-532; ST-537; ST-538; ST-554; Uruguay continental margin; Van Heesen Ridge; van Veen Grab; Vestkapp; VGRAB; Walvis Ridge; Weddell Sea; Wegener Canyon; West Angola Basin; Western Equatorial Atlantic |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.726293 |