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| Format: | Dataset Open Access |
| Sprache: | en |
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PANGAEA
2011
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| Online-Zugang: | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.763297 |
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| author | Kisakürek, B Eisenhauer, Anton Böhm, Florian Hathorne, Ed C Erez, Jonathan |
| author_facet | Kisakürek, B Eisenhauer, Anton Böhm, Florian Hathorne, Ed C Erez, Jonathan |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | Specimens of two species of planktic foraminifera, Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinella siphonifera, were grown under controlled laboratory conditions at a range of temperatures (18-31 °C), salinities (32-44 psu) and pH levels (7.9-8.4). The shells were examined for their calcium isotope compositions (d44/40Ca) and strontium to calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Although the total variation in d44/40Ca (~0.3 per mill) in the studied species is on the same order as the external reproducibility, the data set reveals some apparent trends that are controlled by more than one environmental parameter. There is a well-defined inverse linear relationship between d44/40Ca and Sr/Ca in all experiments, suggesting similar controls on these proxies in foraminiferal calcite independent of species. Analogous to recent results from inorganically precipitated calcite, we suggest that Ca isotope fractionation and Sr partitioning in planktic foraminifera are mainly controlled by precipitation kinetics. This postulation provides us with a unique tool to calculate precipitation rates and draws support from the observation that Sr/Ca ratios are positively correlated with average growth rates. At 25 °C water temperature, precipitation rates in G. siphonifera and G. ruber are calculated to be on the order of 2000 and 3000 µmol/m**2/h, respectively. The lower d44/40Ca observed at 29 °C in both species is consistent with increased precipitation rates at high water temperatures. Salinity response of d44/40Ca (and Sr/Ca) in G. siphonifera implies that this species has the highest precipitation rates at the salinity of its natural habitat, whereas increasing salinities appear to trigger higher precipitation rates in G. ruber. Isotope effects that cannot be explained by precipitation rate in planktic foraminifera can be explained by a biological control, related to a vacuolar pathway for supply of ions during biomineralization and a pH regulation mechanism in these vacuoles. In case of an additional pathway via cross-membrane transport, supplying light Ca for calcification, the d44/40Ca of the reservoir is constrained as -0.2 per mill relative to seawater. Using a Rayleigh distillation model, we calculate that calcification occurs in a semi-open system, where less than half of the Ca supplied by vacuolization is utilized for calcite precipitation. Our findings are relevant for interpreting paleo-proxy data on d44/40Ca and Sr/Ca in foraminifera as well as understanding their biomineralization processes. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_763297 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of foraminifera, Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinella siphonifera during experiments, 2011 Kisakürek, B Eisenhauer, Anton Böhm, Florian Hathorne, Ed C Erez, Jonathan Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Finnigan TRITON thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS); Foraminifera; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Globigerinella siphonifera; Globigerinella siphonifera, shell, weight; Globigerinoides ruber; Globigerinoides ruber, shell, weight; Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Measured; OA-ICC; Ocean acidification; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Open ocean; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH, NBS scale; pH, standard deviation; pH, total scale; Red Sea; Replicates; Salinity; Sample ID; see reference(s); Single species; Species; Strontium/Calcium ratio; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Zooplankton; δ44/40 Ca; δ44/40 Ca, standard deviation Specimens of two species of planktic foraminifera, Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinella siphonifera, were grown under controlled laboratory conditions at a range of temperatures (18-31 °C), salinities (32-44 psu) and pH levels (7.9-8.4). The shells were examined for their calcium isotope compositions (d44/40Ca) and strontium to calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Although the total variation in d44/40Ca (~0.3 per mill) in the studied species is on the same order as the external reproducibility, the data set reveals some apparent trends that are controlled by more than one environmental parameter. There is a well-defined inverse linear relationship between d44/40Ca and Sr/Ca in all experiments, suggesting similar controls on these proxies in foraminiferal calcite independent of species. Analogous to recent results from inorganically precipitated calcite, we suggest that Ca isotope fractionation and Sr partitioning in planktic foraminifera are mainly controlled by precipitation kinetics. This postulation provides us with a unique tool to calculate precipitation rates and draws support from the observation that Sr/Ca ratios are positively correlated with average growth rates. At 25 °C water temperature, precipitation rates in G. siphonifera and G. ruber are calculated to be on the order of 2000 and 3000 µmol/m**2/h, respectively. The lower d44/40Ca observed at 29 °C in both species is consistent with increased precipitation rates at high water temperatures. Salinity response of d44/40Ca (and Sr/Ca) in G. siphonifera implies that this species has the highest precipitation rates at the salinity of its natural habitat, whereas increasing salinities appear to trigger higher precipitation rates in G. ruber. Isotope effects that cannot be explained by precipitation rate in planktic foraminifera can be explained by a biological control, related to a vacuolar pathway for supply of ions during biomineralization and a pH regulation mechanism in these vacuoles. In case of an additional pathway via cross-membrane transport, supplying light Ca for calcification, the d44/40Ca of the reservoir is constrained as -0.2 per mill relative to seawater. Using a Rayleigh distillation model, we calculate that calcification occurs in a semi-open system, where less than half of the Ca supplied by vacuolization is utilized for calcite precipitation. Our findings are relevant for interpreting paleo-proxy data on d44/40Ca and Sr/Ca in foraminifera as well as understanding their biomineralization processes. |
| title | Seawater carbonate chemistry and biological processes of foraminifera, Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinella siphonifera during experiments, 2011 |
| topic | Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Finnigan TRITON thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS); Foraminifera; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Globigerinella siphonifera; Globigerinella siphonifera, shell, weight; Globigerinoides ruber; Globigerinoides ruber, shell, weight; Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Measured; OA-ICC; Ocean acidification; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Open ocean; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH, NBS scale; pH, standard deviation; pH, total scale; Red Sea; Replicates; Salinity; Sample ID; see reference(s); Single species; Species; Strontium/Calcium ratio; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Zooplankton; δ44/40 Ca; δ44/40 Ca, standard deviation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.763297 |