Enzyme activity and liver tissue PCB concentrations of chicks of northern fulmars (F. glacialis) and black-legged kittiwakes (R. tridactyla) from Kongsfjorden
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Dataset Open Access |
| Lenguaje: | en |
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PANGAEA
2010
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| _version_ | 1867169508885528576 |
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| author | Helgason, Lisa Bjørnsdatter Arukwe, Augustine Gabrielsen, Geir W Harju, Mikael Hegseth, Marit Nøst Heimstad, Eldbjørg S Jørgensen, Even H Mortensen, Anne S Wolkers, Johannes |
| author_facet | Helgason, Lisa Bjørnsdatter Arukwe, Augustine Gabrielsen, Geir W Harju, Mikael Hegseth, Marit Nøst Heimstad, Eldbjørg S Jørgensen, Even H Mortensen, Anne S Wolkers, Johannes |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | Arctic seabirds are exposed to a wide range of halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs). Exposure occurs mainly through food intake, and many pollutants accumulate in lipid-rich tissues. Little is known about how HOCs are biotransformed in arctic seabirds. In this study, we characterized biotransformation enzymes in chicks of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway). Phase I and II enzymes were analyzed at the transcriptional, translational and activity levels. For gene expression patterns, quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR), using gene-sequence primers, were performed. Protein levels were analyzed using immunochemical assays of western blot with commercially available antibodies. Liver samples were analyzed for phase I and II enzyme activities using a variety of substrates including ethoxyresorufin (cytochrome (CYP)1A1/1A2), pentoxyresorufin (CYP2B), methoxyresorufin (CYP1A), benzyloxyresorufin (CYP3A), testosterone (CYP3A/CYP2B), 1-chloro-2,4-nitrobenzene (CDNB) (glutathione S-transferase (GST)) and 4-nitrophenol (uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT)). In addition, the hydroxylated (OH-) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in the blood, liver and brain tissue, whereas the methylsulfone (MeSO2-) PCBs were analyzed in liver tissue. Results indicated the presence of phase I (CYP1A4/CYP1A5, CYP2B, and CYP3A) and phase II (GST and UDPGT) enzymes at the activity, protein and/or mRNA level in both species. Northern fulmar chicks had higher enzyme activity than black-legged kittiwake chicks. This in combination with the higher XOH-PCB to parent PCB ratios suggests that northern fulmar chicks have a different biotransformation capacity than black-legged kittiwake chicks. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_811083 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | Enzyme activity and liver tissue PCB concentrations of chicks of northern fulmars (F. glacialis) and black-legged kittiwakes (R. tridactyla) from Kongsfjorden Helgason, Lisa Bjørnsdatter Arukwe, Augustine Gabrielsen, Geir W Harju, Mikael Hegseth, Marit Nøst Heimstad, Eldbjørg S Jørgensen, Even H Mortensen, Anne S Wolkers, Johannes Biological sample; BIOS; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Kongsfjorden_2006_BIOS; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic Arctic seabirds are exposed to a wide range of halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs). Exposure occurs mainly through food intake, and many pollutants accumulate in lipid-rich tissues. Little is known about how HOCs are biotransformed in arctic seabirds. In this study, we characterized biotransformation enzymes in chicks of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway). Phase I and II enzymes were analyzed at the transcriptional, translational and activity levels. For gene expression patterns, quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR), using gene-sequence primers, were performed. Protein levels were analyzed using immunochemical assays of western blot with commercially available antibodies. Liver samples were analyzed for phase I and II enzyme activities using a variety of substrates including ethoxyresorufin (cytochrome (CYP)1A1/1A2), pentoxyresorufin (CYP2B), methoxyresorufin (CYP1A), benzyloxyresorufin (CYP3A), testosterone (CYP3A/CYP2B), 1-chloro-2,4-nitrobenzene (CDNB) (glutathione S-transferase (GST)) and 4-nitrophenol (uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT)). In addition, the hydroxylated (OH-) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in the blood, liver and brain tissue, whereas the methylsulfone (MeSO2-) PCBs were analyzed in liver tissue. Results indicated the presence of phase I (CYP1A4/CYP1A5, CYP2B, and CYP3A) and phase II (GST and UDPGT) enzymes at the activity, protein and/or mRNA level in both species. Northern fulmar chicks had higher enzyme activity than black-legged kittiwake chicks. This in combination with the higher XOH-PCB to parent PCB ratios suggests that northern fulmar chicks have a different biotransformation capacity than black-legged kittiwake chicks. |
| title | Enzyme activity and liver tissue PCB concentrations of chicks of northern fulmars (F. glacialis) and black-legged kittiwakes (R. tridactyla) from Kongsfjorden |
| topic | Biological sample; BIOS; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Kongsfjorden_2006_BIOS; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.811083 |