(Table 1) Neutral and phenolic organohalogen compounds in blubber samples of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from East Greenland
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PANGAEA
2009
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| author | Letcher, Robert J Gebbink, Wouter A Sonne, Christian Born, Erik W McKinney, Melissa A Dietz, Rune |
| author_facet | Letcher, Robert J Gebbink, Wouter A Sonne, Christian Born, Erik W McKinney, Melissa A Dietz, Rune |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | We report on the comparative bioaccumulation, biotransformation and/or biomagnification from East Greenland ringed seal (Pusa hispida) blubber to polar bear (Ursus maritimus) tissues (adipose, liver and brain) of various classes and congeners of persistent chlorinated and brominated contaminants and metabolic by-products: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes (CHLs), hydroxyl (OH-) and methylsulfonyl (MeSO2-) PCBs, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), OH-PBBs, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) flame retardants and OH- and methoxyl (MeO-) PBDEs, 2,2-dichloro-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (p,p'-DDE), 3-MeSO2-p,p'-DDE, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 4-OH-heptachlorostyrene (4-OH-HpCS). We detected all of the investigated contaminants in ringed seal blubber with high frequency, the main diet of East Greenland bears, with the exception of OH-PCBs and 4-OH-HpCS, which indicated that these phenolic contaminants were likely of metabolic origin and formed in the bears from accumulated PCBs and octachlorostyrene (OCS), respectively, rather than being bioaccumulated from a seal blubber diet. For all of the detectable sum of classes or individual organohalogens, in general, the ringed seal to polar bear mean BMFs for SumPCBs, p,p'-DDE, SumCHLs, SumMeSO2-PCBs, 3-MeSO2-p,p'-DDE, PCP, SumPBDEs, total-(alpha)-HBCD, SumOH-PBDEs, SumMeO-PBDEs and SumOH-PBBs indicated that these organohalogens bioaccumulate, and in some cases there was tissue-specific biomagnification, e.g., BMFs for bear adipose and liver ranged from 2 to 570. The blood-brain barrier appeared to be effective in minimizing brain accumulation as BMFs were <= 1 in the brain, with the exception of SumOH-PBBs (mean BMF = 93±54). Unlike OH-PCB metabolites, OH-PBDEs in the bear tissues appeared to be mainly accumulated from the seal blubber rather than being metabolic formed from PBDEs in the bears. In vitro PBDE depletion assays using polar bear hepatic microsomes, wherein the rate of oxidative metabolism of PBDE congeners was very slow, supported the probability that accumulation from seals is the main source of OH-PBDEs in the bear tissues. Our findings demonstrated from ringed seal to polar bears that organohalogen biotransformation, bioaccumulation and/or biomagnification varied widely and depended on the contaminant in question. Our results show the increasing complexity of bioaccumulated and in some cases biomagnified, chlorinated and brominated contaminants and/or metabolites from the diet may be a contributing stress factor in the health of East Greenland polar bears. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_815795 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | (Table 1) Neutral and phenolic organohalogen compounds in blubber samples of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from East Greenland Letcher, Robert J Gebbink, Wouter A Sonne, Christian Born, Erik W McKinney, Melissa A Dietz, Rune 3-methylsulfonyl p,p-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene; 4-hydroxy-heptachlorostyrene; alpha-Hexabromocyclododecane; Biological sample; BIOS; Brominated biphenyl, standard deviation; Brominated biphenyl 101; Chlordane; Chlordane, standard deviation; DATE/TIME; Date/time end; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, standard deviation; East Greenland; Hexabromocyclododecane, standard deviation; Hydroxylated polybrominated biphenyl; Hydroxylated polybrominated biphenyl, standard deviation; Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers, standard deviation; Hydroxy-polychlorinated biphenyl; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Ittoqqort_Scoreby; Lipids; Lipids, standard deviation; Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers, standard deviation; Methyl sulfone polychlorinated biphenyl; Methyl sulfone polychlorinated biphenyl, standard deviation; para,para-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; Pentachlorophenol; Pentachlorophenol, standard deviation; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, standard deviation; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Polychlorinated biphenyl, standard deviation; Sample type; Species We report on the comparative bioaccumulation, biotransformation and/or biomagnification from East Greenland ringed seal (Pusa hispida) blubber to polar bear (Ursus maritimus) tissues (adipose, liver and brain) of various classes and congeners of persistent chlorinated and brominated contaminants and metabolic by-products: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes (CHLs), hydroxyl (OH-) and methylsulfonyl (MeSO2-) PCBs, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), OH-PBBs, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) flame retardants and OH- and methoxyl (MeO-) PBDEs, 2,2-dichloro-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (p,p'-DDE), 3-MeSO2-p,p'-DDE, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 4-OH-heptachlorostyrene (4-OH-HpCS). We detected all of the investigated contaminants in ringed seal blubber with high frequency, the main diet of East Greenland bears, with the exception of OH-PCBs and 4-OH-HpCS, which indicated that these phenolic contaminants were likely of metabolic origin and formed in the bears from accumulated PCBs and octachlorostyrene (OCS), respectively, rather than being bioaccumulated from a seal blubber diet. For all of the detectable sum of classes or individual organohalogens, in general, the ringed seal to polar bear mean BMFs for SumPCBs, p,p'-DDE, SumCHLs, SumMeSO2-PCBs, 3-MeSO2-p,p'-DDE, PCP, SumPBDEs, total-(alpha)-HBCD, SumOH-PBDEs, SumMeO-PBDEs and SumOH-PBBs indicated that these organohalogens bioaccumulate, and in some cases there was tissue-specific biomagnification, e.g., BMFs for bear adipose and liver ranged from 2 to 570. The blood-brain barrier appeared to be effective in minimizing brain accumulation as BMFs were <= 1 in the brain, with the exception of SumOH-PBBs (mean BMF = 93±54). Unlike OH-PCB metabolites, OH-PBDEs in the bear tissues appeared to be mainly accumulated from the seal blubber rather than being metabolic formed from PBDEs in the bears. In vitro PBDE depletion assays using polar bear hepatic microsomes, wherein the rate of oxidative metabolism of PBDE congeners was very slow, supported the probability that accumulation from seals is the main source of OH-PBDEs in the bear tissues. Our findings demonstrated from ringed seal to polar bears that organohalogen biotransformation, bioaccumulation and/or biomagnification varied widely and depended on the contaminant in question. Our results show the increasing complexity of bioaccumulated and in some cases biomagnified, chlorinated and brominated contaminants and/or metabolites from the diet may be a contributing stress factor in the health of East Greenland polar bears. |
| title | (Table 1) Neutral and phenolic organohalogen compounds in blubber samples of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from East Greenland |
| topic | 3-methylsulfonyl p,p-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene; 4-hydroxy-heptachlorostyrene; alpha-Hexabromocyclododecane; Biological sample; BIOS; Brominated biphenyl, standard deviation; Brominated biphenyl 101; Chlordane; Chlordane, standard deviation; DATE/TIME; Date/time end; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, standard deviation; East Greenland; Hexabromocyclododecane, standard deviation; Hydroxylated polybrominated biphenyl; Hydroxylated polybrominated biphenyl, standard deviation; Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers, standard deviation; Hydroxy-polychlorinated biphenyl; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Ittoqqort_Scoreby; Lipids; Lipids, standard deviation; Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers, standard deviation; Methyl sulfone polychlorinated biphenyl; Methyl sulfone polychlorinated biphenyl, standard deviation; para,para-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; Pentachlorophenol; Pentachlorophenol, standard deviation; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, standard deviation; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Polychlorinated biphenyl, standard deviation; Sample type; Species |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.815795 |