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| Format: | Dataset Open Access |
| Language: | en |
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PANGAEA
1980
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.823510 |
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| _version_ | 1867169086301011968 |
|---|---|
| author | Natland, James H |
| author_facet | Natland, James H |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | Variations in crystal morphologies in pillow basalts and probable sheet flows sampled from the region of the East Pacific Rise drilled during Leg 54 are related both to differences in composition and to an extreme range of cooling rate experienced upon extrusion. The basalts range in composition from olivine-rich tholeiites to tholeiitic ferrobasalts, and include some more alkaline basalts. The kinetics of crystal growth in some samples appears to have been influenced by the amount of initial superheating (or supercooling) of the magma, or possibly by differential retention of volatiles. Olivine in quartznormative ferrobasalts apparently formed metastably at high undercooling. Despite these effects, reliable petrographic criteria are established to distinguish the principal rock types described regardless of the crystallinity and grain size. Microphenocrysts formed prior to pillow formation correspond closely to mineral assemblages inferred from normative plots and variation diagrams to control crystal fractionation at various stages. The details of spherulitic and dendritic growth also provide some clues about composition. Petrographic evidence for magma mixing is scant. Only some Siqueiros fracture zone basalts contain zoned plagioclase phenocrysts with glass inclusions similar to those used to infer mixing among Mid-Atlantic Ridge basalts. All basalts from the summit and flanks of the East Pacific Rise are aphyric. One possible petrographic consequence of mixing between olivine tholeiites and ferrobasalts - formation of clinopyroxene phenocrysts - is not evident in any fracture zone or Rise crest basalt. Highly evolved ferrobasalts with liquidus low-Ca clinopyroxene have not been sampled, nor does textural evidence indicate that any basalts sampled are hybrid compositions between such magmas and less fractionated compositions. Evidently the sampled ferrobasalts are close to the most evolved compositions that occur in any abundance on this portion of the East Pacific Rise. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_823510 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 1980 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | (Table 1) Geochemistry of sector-zoned crystal at DSDP Hole 45-395A Natland, James H 45-395A; Aluminium (IV); Aluminium (VI); Aluminium oxide; Calcium; Calcium oxide; Calculated based on oxygen number; Chromium; Chromium(III) oxide; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Electron microprobe (EMP); Glomar Challenger; Iron 2+ and 3+; Iron oxide, FeO; Leg45; Magnesium; Magnesium oxide; Manganese; Manganese oxide; Sample code/label; Silicon; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Sum; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Total Variations in crystal morphologies in pillow basalts and probable sheet flows sampled from the region of the East Pacific Rise drilled during Leg 54 are related both to differences in composition and to an extreme range of cooling rate experienced upon extrusion. The basalts range in composition from olivine-rich tholeiites to tholeiitic ferrobasalts, and include some more alkaline basalts. The kinetics of crystal growth in some samples appears to have been influenced by the amount of initial superheating (or supercooling) of the magma, or possibly by differential retention of volatiles. Olivine in quartznormative ferrobasalts apparently formed metastably at high undercooling. Despite these effects, reliable petrographic criteria are established to distinguish the principal rock types described regardless of the crystallinity and grain size. Microphenocrysts formed prior to pillow formation correspond closely to mineral assemblages inferred from normative plots and variation diagrams to control crystal fractionation at various stages. The details of spherulitic and dendritic growth also provide some clues about composition. Petrographic evidence for magma mixing is scant. Only some Siqueiros fracture zone basalts contain zoned plagioclase phenocrysts with glass inclusions similar to those used to infer mixing among Mid-Atlantic Ridge basalts. All basalts from the summit and flanks of the East Pacific Rise are aphyric. One possible petrographic consequence of mixing between olivine tholeiites and ferrobasalts - formation of clinopyroxene phenocrysts - is not evident in any fracture zone or Rise crest basalt. Highly evolved ferrobasalts with liquidus low-Ca clinopyroxene have not been sampled, nor does textural evidence indicate that any basalts sampled are hybrid compositions between such magmas and less fractionated compositions. Evidently the sampled ferrobasalts are close to the most evolved compositions that occur in any abundance on this portion of the East Pacific Rise. |
| title | (Table 1) Geochemistry of sector-zoned crystal at DSDP Hole 45-395A |
| topic | 45-395A; Aluminium (IV); Aluminium (VI); Aluminium oxide; Calcium; Calcium oxide; Calculated based on oxygen number; Chromium; Chromium(III) oxide; Comment; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Electron microprobe (EMP); Glomar Challenger; Iron 2+ and 3+; Iron oxide, FeO; Leg45; Magnesium; Magnesium oxide; Manganese; Manganese oxide; Sample code/label; Silicon; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Sum; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Total |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.823510 |