Temperature is the evil twin: Effects of increased temperature and ocean acidification on reproduction in a reef fish
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PANGAEA
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Dataset Open Access |
| Lenguaje: | en |
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PANGAEA
2015
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| _version_ | 1867169095589298176 |
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| author | Miller, Garielle M Kroon, F J Metcalfe, Sarah Munday, Philip L |
| author_facet | Miller, Garielle M Kroon, F J Metcalfe, Sarah Munday, Philip L |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | Reproduction in many organisms can be disrupted by changes to the physical environment, such as those predicted to occur during climate change. Marine organisms face the dual climate change threats of increasing temperature and ocean acidification, yet no studies have examined the potential interactive effects of these stressors on reproduction in marine fishes. We used a long-term experiment to test the interactive effects of increased temperature and CO2 on the reproductive performance of the anemonefish, Amphiprion melanopus. Adult breeding pairs were kept for 10 months at three temperatures, 28.5°C (+0.0°C), 30.0°C (+1.5°C) and 31.5°C (+3.0°C), cross-factored with 3 CO2 levels, a current day control (417 µatm) and moderate (644 µatm) and high (1134 µatm) treatments consistent with the range of CO2 projections for the year 2100 under RCP8.5. We recorded each egg clutch produced during the breeding season, the number of eggs laid per clutch, average egg size, fertilization success, survival to hatching, hatchling length and yolk provisioning. Adult body condition, hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, and plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations were measured at the end of the breeding season to determine the effect of prolonged exposure to increased temperature and elevated CO2 on adults, and to examine potential physiological mechanisms for changes in reproduction. Temperature had by far the stronger influence on reproduction, with clear declines in reproduction occurring in the +1.5°C treatment and ceasing altogether in the +3.0°C treatment. In contrast, CO2 had a minimal effect on the majority of reproductive traits measured, but caused a decline in offspring quality in combination with elevated temperature. We detected no significant effect of temperature or CO2 on adult body condition or hepatosomatic index. Elevated temperature had a significant negative effect on plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations, suggesting that declines in reproduction with increasing temperature were due to the thermal sensitivity of reproductive hormones rather than a reduction in energy available for reproduction. Our results show that elevated temperature exerts a stronger influence than high CO2 on reproduction in A. melanopus. Understanding how these two environmental variables interact to affect the reproductive performance of marine organisms will be important for predicting the future impacts of climate change. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_836664 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | Temperature is the evil twin: Effects of increased temperature and ocean acidification on reproduction in a reef fish Miller, Garielle M Kroon, F J Metcalfe, Sarah Munday, Philip L Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Amphiprion melanopus; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard error; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Clutches, survived to hatching; Clutches, survived to hatching , standard error; Clutches per month; Clutches per pair; Clutches per pair, standard error; Coast and continental shelf; Condition index; Condition index, standard error; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Eggs, area; Eggs, survived to hatching; Eggs, survived to hatching, standard error; Eggs area, standard error; Eggs per clutch; Eggs per clutch, standard error; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gonadosomatic index; Gonadosomatic index, standard error; Hatchling length; Hatchling length, standard error; Hepatosomatic index; Hepatosomatic index, standard error; Laboratory experiment; Month; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean acidification; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Pelagos; pH, NBS scale; pH, standard error; pH, total scale; Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentration; Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentration, standard error; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Reproduction; Reproductive output per clutch; Reproductive output per clutch, standard error; Reproductive pairs; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Treatment; Tropical; Yolk area; Yolk area, standard error Reproduction in many organisms can be disrupted by changes to the physical environment, such as those predicted to occur during climate change. Marine organisms face the dual climate change threats of increasing temperature and ocean acidification, yet no studies have examined the potential interactive effects of these stressors on reproduction in marine fishes. We used a long-term experiment to test the interactive effects of increased temperature and CO2 on the reproductive performance of the anemonefish, Amphiprion melanopus. Adult breeding pairs were kept for 10 months at three temperatures, 28.5°C (+0.0°C), 30.0°C (+1.5°C) and 31.5°C (+3.0°C), cross-factored with 3 CO2 levels, a current day control (417 µatm) and moderate (644 µatm) and high (1134 µatm) treatments consistent with the range of CO2 projections for the year 2100 under RCP8.5. We recorded each egg clutch produced during the breeding season, the number of eggs laid per clutch, average egg size, fertilization success, survival to hatching, hatchling length and yolk provisioning. Adult body condition, hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, and plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations were measured at the end of the breeding season to determine the effect of prolonged exposure to increased temperature and elevated CO2 on adults, and to examine potential physiological mechanisms for changes in reproduction. Temperature had by far the stronger influence on reproduction, with clear declines in reproduction occurring in the +1.5°C treatment and ceasing altogether in the +3.0°C treatment. In contrast, CO2 had a minimal effect on the majority of reproductive traits measured, but caused a decline in offspring quality in combination with elevated temperature. We detected no significant effect of temperature or CO2 on adult body condition or hepatosomatic index. Elevated temperature had a significant negative effect on plasma 17beta-estradiol concentrations, suggesting that declines in reproduction with increasing temperature were due to the thermal sensitivity of reproductive hormones rather than a reduction in energy available for reproduction. Our results show that elevated temperature exerts a stronger influence than high CO2 on reproduction in A. melanopus. Understanding how these two environmental variables interact to affect the reproductive performance of marine organisms will be important for predicting the future impacts of climate change. |
| title | Temperature is the evil twin: Effects of increased temperature and ocean acidification on reproduction in a reef fish |
| topic | Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Amphiprion melanopus; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard error; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Clutches, survived to hatching; Clutches, survived to hatching , standard error; Clutches per month; Clutches per pair; Clutches per pair, standard error; Coast and continental shelf; Condition index; Condition index, standard error; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Eggs, area; Eggs, survived to hatching; Eggs, survived to hatching, standard error; Eggs area, standard error; Eggs per clutch; Eggs per clutch, standard error; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gonadosomatic index; Gonadosomatic index, standard error; Hatchling length; Hatchling length, standard error; Hepatosomatic index; Hepatosomatic index, standard error; Laboratory experiment; Month; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean acidification; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Pelagos; pH, NBS scale; pH, standard error; pH, total scale; Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentration; Plasma 17beta-estradiol concentration, standard error; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Reproduction; Reproductive output per clutch; Reproductive output per clutch, standard error; Reproductive pairs; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Treatment; Tropical; Yolk area; Yolk area, standard error |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.836664 |