Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Dataset Open Access |
| Language: | en |
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PANGAEA
2015
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| _version_ | 1867170058539630592 |
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| author | Garilli, Vittorio Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo Scuderi, Danilo Brusca, Lorenzo Parrinello, Daniela Rastrick, S P S Foggo, A Twitchett, Richard J Hall-Spencer, Jason M Milazzo, Marco |
| author_facet | Garilli, Vittorio Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo Scuderi, Danilo Brusca, Lorenzo Parrinello, Daniela Rastrick, S P S Foggo, A Twitchett, Richard J Hall-Spencer, Jason M Milazzo, Marco |
| collection | Datos científicos de ciencias marinas y ambientales |
| contents | Excessive CO2 in the present-day ocean-atmosphere system is causing ocean acidification, and is likely to cause a severe biodiversity decline in the future, mirroring effects in many past mass extinctions. Fossil records demonstrate that organisms surviving such events were often smaller than those before, a phenomenon called the Lilliput effect. Here, we show that two gastropod species adapted to acidified seawater at shallow-water CO2 seeps were smaller than those found in normal pH conditions and had higher mass-specific energy consumption but significantly lower whole-animal metabolic energy demand. These physiological changes allowed the animals to maintain calcification and to partially repair shell dissolution. These observations of the long-term chronic effects of increased CO2 levels forewarn of changes we can expect in marine ecosystems as CO2 emissions continue to rise unchecked, and support the hypothesis that ocean acidification contributed to past extinction events. The ability to adapt through dwarfing can confer physiological advantages as the rate of CO2 emissions continues to increase. |
| format | Dataset Open Access |
| id | pangaea_https___doi_org_10_1594_PANGAEA_847397 |
| institution | PANGAEA |
| language | en |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | PANGAEA |
| record_format | pangaea |
| spellingShingle | Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans Garilli, Vittorio Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo Scuderi, Danilo Brusca, Lorenzo Parrinello, Daniela Rastrick, S P S Foggo, A Twitchett, Richard J Hall-Spencer, Jason M Milazzo, Marco Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Cyclope neritea; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Height; Height/width ratio; Identification; Laboratory experiment; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Mediterranean Sea; Mollusca; Month; Nassarius corniculus; OA-ICC; Ocean acidification; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH, standard deviation; pH, total scale; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Sicily_Exp; Single species; Site; Species; Table; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Thickness; Treatment; Width Excessive CO2 in the present-day ocean-atmosphere system is causing ocean acidification, and is likely to cause a severe biodiversity decline in the future, mirroring effects in many past mass extinctions. Fossil records demonstrate that organisms surviving such events were often smaller than those before, a phenomenon called the Lilliput effect. Here, we show that two gastropod species adapted to acidified seawater at shallow-water CO2 seeps were smaller than those found in normal pH conditions and had higher mass-specific energy consumption but significantly lower whole-animal metabolic energy demand. These physiological changes allowed the animals to maintain calcification and to partially repair shell dissolution. These observations of the long-term chronic effects of increased CO2 levels forewarn of changes we can expect in marine ecosystems as CO2 emissions continue to rise unchecked, and support the hypothesis that ocean acidification contributed to past extinction events. The ability to adapt through dwarfing can confer physiological advantages as the rate of CO2 emissions continues to increase. |
| title | Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans |
| topic | Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Cyclope neritea; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Height; Height/width ratio; Identification; Laboratory experiment; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Mediterranean Sea; Mollusca; Month; Nassarius corniculus; OA-ICC; Ocean acidification; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH, standard deviation; pH, total scale; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Sicily_Exp; Single species; Site; Species; Table; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Thickness; Treatment; Width |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.847397 |